Tissue Distribution of Human Monoamine Oxidase A and B mRNA

Grimsby, Joseph; Lan, Nancy C.; Neve, Rachael L.; Chen, Kevin; Shih, Jean C.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb03121.x

Cited by 163 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This also seems to be the case for the genes of rat aldolase isoenzyme B, human aldolase isoenzyme C (Rottmann et al, 1987) and human monoamine oxidases A and B (Grimsby et al, 1991), which also show identical exon-intron organization. Introns of the mitochondrial enzyme gene are clearly different in size from those corresponding to the cytosolic enzyme gene.…”

Section: Exon-intron Organization Of the Genementioning

confidence: 82%

The rat mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme‐A‐synthase gene contains elements that mediate its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity

Gil‐Gómez¹,

Ayté²,

Hegardt³

1993

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme‐A (HMG‐CoA) synthase, a liver‐specific enzyme, is a constituent of the HMG‐CoA cycle responsible for ketone‐body synthesis. We report the isolation and characterization of genomic clones that encompass the gene for rat mitochondrial HMG‐CoA synthase. The gene spans at least 24 kbp and contains ten exons and nine introns. The 5′ flanking region of the gene has also been cloned and characterized. Exon 1 contains the untranslated sequence of the transcript, extending downstream to enclose the coding region for the putative mitochondrial‐targeting signal (35 amino acids). The 1149‐bp proximal region of the transcription start point permits transcription of a reporter gene in transfected hepatoma cells but not in an extrahepatic cell line, confirming the function of the promoter. A truncated construct of 142 bp is still able to promote transcription in hepatoma cells, suggesting the presence of liver‐specific enhancer elements in the proximal promoter region. The 5′ flanking region contains typical promoter elements, including a TATA box and several putative recognition sequences for transcription factors involved in controlling both basal‐level and hormone‐modulated transcription rates. Furthermore, the presence in the mitochondrial HMG‐CoA‐synthase promoter of cis‐elements, responsible for the multihormonal regulation of transcription, is supported by transient transfection experiments.

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Section: Exon-intron Organization Of the Genementioning

confidence: 82%

The rat mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme‐A‐synthase gene contains elements that mediate its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity

Gil‐Gómez¹,

Ayté²,

Hegardt³

1993

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…MAOB is in tail-to-tail configuration with MAOA some 60 kb apart. As MAOB is also expressed in human brain 45 and metabolizes DA, 2,46 it may also be modulating turnover of DA and other monoamine neurotransmitters in the human. MAOB appears to metabolize DA 2 but in fact it is primarily located in serotonin neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene promoter (MAOA-LPR) predicts central dopamine function and body mass index

Ducci¹,

Newman²,

Funt³

et al. 2006

Mol Psychiatry

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Variation in brain monoaminergic activity is heritable and modulates risk of alcoholism and other addictions, as well as food intake and energy expenditure. Monoamine oxidase A deaminates the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine (DA), and noradrenalin. The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene (Xp11.5) contains a length polymorphism in its promoter region (MAOA-LPR) that putatively affects transcriptional efficiency. Our goals were to test (1) whether MAOA-LPR contributes to interindividual variation in monoamine activity, assessed using levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites; and (2) whether MAOA-LPR genotype influences alcoholism and/or body mass index (BMI). Male, unrelated criminal alcoholics (N = 278) and controls (N = 227) were collected from a homogeneous Finnish source population. CSF concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were available from 208 participants. Single allele, hemizygous genotypes were grouped according to inferred effect of the MAOA alleles on transcriptional activity. MAOA-LPR genotypes had a significant effect on CSF HVA concentration (P = 0.01) but explained only 3% of the total variance. There was a detectable but nonsignificant genotype effect on 5-HIAA and no effects on MHPG. Specifically, the genotype conferring high MAOA activity was associated with lower HVA levels in both alcoholics and controls, a finding that persisted after accounting for the potential confounds of alcoholism, BMI, height, and smoking. MAOA-LPR genotype predicted BMI (P < 0.005), with the high-activity genotype being associated with lower BMI. MAOA-LPR genotypes were not associated with alcoholism or related psychiatric phenotypes in this data set. Our results suggest that MAOA-LPR allelic variation modulates DA turnover in the CNS, but does so in a manner contrary to our prior expectation that alleles conferring high activity would predict higher HVA levels in CSF. Our results are consistent with an emerging literature that suggests greater complexity in how variation in MAOA expression alters monoaminergic function. Finally, our work suggests that MAOA may be involved in the regulation of BMI. Independent samples are necessary to confirm this preliminary finding.

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“…1a). Conversely, and this is a notable exception, there is only one monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene in all teleosts examined so far (zebrafish, carp, trout and rainbow trout, pike and catfish [45][46][47][48][49][50] ), whereas two forms of this enzyme, MAO-A and MAO-B, are classically described and studied in mammals [51][52][53][54] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutation in the enzyme monoamine oxidase explains part of the Astyanax cavefish behavioural syndrome

et al. 2014

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We use Astyanax mexicanus, a single species with surface-dwelling forms (SF) and blind de-pigmented cave forms (CF), to study mechanisms underlying the evolution of brain and behaviour. In CF, the origin of changes in complex motivated behaviours (social, feeding, sleeping, exploratory) is unknown. Here we find a hyper-aminergic phenotype in CF brains, including high levels and neurotransmission indexes for serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, and low monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Although MAO expression is unchanged in CF, a pro106leu mutation is identified in the MAO coding sequence. This mutation is responsible for low MAO activity and high serotonin neurotransmission index in CF brains. We find the same mutated allele in several natural CF populations, some being independently evolved. Such occurrence of the same allele in several caves may suggest that low MAO activity is advantageous for cave life. These results provide a genetic basis for several aspects of the cavefish 'behavioural syndrome'.

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Tissue Distribution of Human Monoamine Oxidase A and B mRNA

Cited by 163 publications

References 17 publications

The rat mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme‐A‐synthase gene contains elements that mediate its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity

The rat mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme‐A‐synthase gene contains elements that mediate its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity

A functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene promoter (MAOA-LPR) predicts central dopamine function and body mass index

A mutation in the enzyme monoamine oxidase explains part of the Astyanax cavefish behavioural syndrome

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