Tissue distribution, effects of cooking and parameters affecting the extraction of azaspiracids from mussels, Mytilus edulis, prior to analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Heß, Philipp; Nguyen, Lai; Aasen, John A.B.; Keogh, Myra; Kilcoyne, Jane; McCarron, Pearse; Aune, Tore

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.03.010

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The cooking process leads to fluid loss, but because of their lipophilic nature, the toxins do not leave the As observed in other studies, there is an overall increase as a result of the cooking process. Despite the differences in increase rates between other studies and ours, the results are consistent [13,[15][16]. The conclusion is therefore also that OAs and SPX remain concentrated in the hepatopancreas after cooking.…”

Section: Cooking Process Of Shellfish Samplessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Concerning lipophilic toxins, such as azaspiracids (AZAs) and OAs, an opposite influence of steaming has been reported, that is consistent with their lipophilic nature. Hess et al (2005) [13] reported that processing of fresh raw mussels resulted in a two-fold increase in AZA levels in both whole flesh and digestive gland tissue compared to uncooked flesh. This change was attributed to water loss during steaming and was confirmed by McCarron et al (2009) [14] who investigated the effect of heating on AZAs in the absence of water loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domoic Acid, Okadaic Acid and Spirolides: Inter-Species Variability in Contamination and Cooking Effects

Picot¹,

Limon²,

Durand³

et al. 2012

FPH

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The inter-species variability of contamination by domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid and analogues (OAs) and spirolides (SPX) in mussels, oysters, cockles, carpet shell clams and razor clams was assessed. DA concentrations were measured using both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Ultra Violet (UV) detection and HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS); OAs and SPX were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. Observations showed that for each phycotoxin, the contamination rates are species-dependent and the most contaminated species differ according to the kind of phycotoxin. For DA and SPX, cockles appear to be the most contaminated species whereas mussels seem to be the predominant vector for OAs. The effect of cooking process on DA concentrations was investigated in five different bivalve species by comparing toxin concentrations in whole raw flesh with concentrations in whole cooked flesh. The DA concentration decreased in cooked cockles and razor clams whereas it increased in cooked mussels, carpet shell clams and donax. Thus the impact of cooking is bivalve species-dependent. For OAs and SPX, the cooking process was studied on mussels and resulted in an increase in the toxin concentration because of their lipophilic nature. These results should be taken into consideration in exposure assessments and in the design of regulatory monitoring programs, as the current banning levels based on raw bivalves may over-or under-protect consumers when shellfish are eaten cooked.

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Section: Cooking Process Of Shellfish Samplessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domoic Acid, Okadaic Acid and Spirolides: Inter-Species Variability in Contamination and Cooking Effects

Picot¹,

Limon²,

Durand³

et al. 2012

FPH

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“…For extraction, LSE procedures are commonly used for shellfish toxin determination [2,5,20,21], and recent work has shown the utility of MSPD in the analysis of these compounds as well [10]. LC-MS is the only detection and measurement technique offering sufficient sensitivity and precision for most of the target analytes in CRM-FDMT1.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Certification Measurements And Uncertmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mussel tissue certified reference material for multiple phycotoxins. Part 4: certification

et al. 2016

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=2d72a8c8-d862-4bae-ae12-3ba2bf19d83e http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=2d72a8c8-d862-4bae-ae12-3ba2bf19d83e Abstract A freeze-dried mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis)reference material (CRM-FDMT1) was produced containing multiple groups of shellfish toxins. Homogeneity and stability testing showed the material to be fit for purpose. The next phase of work was to assign certified values and uncertainties to 10 analytes from six different toxin groups. Efforts involved optimizing extraction procedures for the various toxin groups and performing measurements using liquid chromatographybased analytical methods. A key aspect of the work was compensating for matrix effects associated with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry through standard addition, dilution, or matrix-matched calibration. Certified mass fraction values are reported as mg/kg of CRM-FDMT1 powder as bottled for azaspiracid-1, -2, and -3 (4.10 ± 0.40; 1.13 ± 0.10; 0.96 ± 0.10, respectively), okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 and -2 (1.59 ± 0.18; 0.68 ± 0.07; 3.57 ± 0.33, respectively), yessotoxin (2.49 ± 0.28), pectenotoxin-2 (0.66 ± 0.06), 13-desmethylspirolide-C (2.70 ± 0.26), and domoic acid (126 ± 10). Combined uncertainties for the certified values include contributions from homogeneity, stability, and characterization experiments. The commutability of CRM-FDMT1 was assessed by examining the extractability and matrix effects for the freeze-dried material in comparison with its equivalent wet tissue homogenate. CRM-FDMT1 is the first shellfish matrix CRM with certified values for yessotoxins, pectenotoxins or spirolides, and is the first CRM certified for multiple toxin groups. CRM-FDMT1 is a valuable tool for quality assurance of phycotoxin monitoring programs and for analytical method development and validation.

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“…Historically, acetone has been used to extract lipophilic toxins from shellfish for the mouse bioassay, whereas MeOH and mixtures of MeOH-water have been used for extraction prior to LC-MS/MS analysis [29,16]. These procedures result in crude extracts that typically cause matrix effects (signal enhancement or reduction) in LC-MS/MS analysis [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of azaspiracids in Azadinium spinosum cultures

et al. 2012

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Tissue distribution, effects of cooking and parameters affecting the extraction of azaspiracids from mussels, Mytilus edulis, prior to analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

Cited by 72 publications

References 17 publications

Domoic Acid, Okadaic Acid and Spirolides: Inter-Species Variability in Contamination and Cooking Effects

Domoic Acid, Okadaic Acid and Spirolides: Inter-Species Variability in Contamination and Cooking Effects

A mussel tissue certified reference material for multiple phycotoxins. Part 4: certification

Quantitative analysis of azaspiracids in Azadinium spinosum cultures

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