Tissue disposition of109cd2+in the brown trout(Salmo trutta)studied by autoradiography and impulse counting†

Tjälve, Hans; Gottofrey, James; Björklund, Ingvar

doi:10.1080/02772248609357148

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We observed a rapid and persistent accumulation of Cd within the sensory epithelium at exposure levels as low as 0.3 ppb, which was correlated with persistent behavioral alterations. These findings demonstrate that the salmon peripheral olfactory system can rapidly accumulate waterborne Cd, consistent with studies of other fish (Harrison and Klaverkamp, 1989;Scott et al, 2003;Tj€ alve et al, 1986). One possible mechanism for the accumulation of Cd within olfactory neurons is the high concentration of calcium channels in the OSNs, a mechanism of Cd-mediated cell entry (Usai et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

From the Cover: Cadmium Exposure Differentially Alters Odorant-Driven Behaviors and Expression of Olfactory Receptors in Juvenile Coho Salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)

et al. 2016

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Salmon exposed to waterborne metals can experience olfactory impairment leading to disrupted chemosensation. In the current study, we investigated the effects of cadmium (Cd) on salmon olfactory function by modeling an exposure scenario where juvenile salmon transiently migrate through a polluted waterway. Coho were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne Cd (2 and 30 mg/L) for 48 h and (0.3 and 2 lg/L) for 16 days, followed by a 16-day depuration associated with outmigration. Cadmium exposures inhibited behavioral responses towards L-cysteine and conspecific odorants, with effects persisting following the depuration. Behavioral alterations following the 30 mg/L exposure were associated with increased olfactory epithelial gene expression of metallothionein (mt1a) and heme oxygenase (hmox1); reduced expression of olfactory signal transduction (OST) molecules; and reduced expression of mRNAs encoding major coho odorant receptors (ORs). Salmon OR array analysis indicated that Cd preferentially impacted expression of OST and OR markers for ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) relative to microvillus OSNs, suggesting a differential sensitivity of these two major OSN populations. Behavioral alterations on exposure to 0.3 and 2 mg/L Cd were associated with increased mt1a, but not with major histological or OR molecular changes, likely indicating disrupted OST as a major mechanism underlying the behavioral dysfunction at the low-level Cd exposures. Laser-ablation mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the OSN injury and behavioral dysfunction was associated with significant Cd bioaccumulation within the olfactory sensory epithelium. In summary, low-level Cd exposures associated with polluted waterways can induce differential and persistent olfactory dysfunction in juvenile coho salmon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

From the Cover: Cadmium Exposure Differentially Alters Odorant-Driven Behaviors and Expression of Olfactory Receptors in Juvenile Coho Salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)

et al. 2016

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“…Tissues found to be positive for hsp70 ( Figure 3) and hsp70-eGFP (Figure 4) in our experiments are considered target tissues or accumulators of Cd in fish (30)(31)(32), and histopathologic lesions in skin, digestive tract, olfactory epithelium, kidney, and gills have been reported after a 96-hr acute exposure to 12 ppm CdCl 2 (~66 µM) (33). This dose is within our exposure range, but expression of hsp70 and hsp70-eGFP was detected in developing tissues after a much shorter period of exposure (3 vs. 96 hr).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

Blechinger

Warren

Kuwada

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

146

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The toxic effects of cadmium and other heavy metals have been well established, and many of these and other environmental pollutants are known to be embryotoxic or teratogenic. However, it has proven difficult to identify individual cells that respond to toxicants among the wide range of cell populations in an intact animal, particularly during early development when cells are continually changing their molecular and physiologic characteristics as they differentiate. Here we report the establishment of an in vivo system that uses hsp70 gene activation as a measure of cadmium toxicity in living early larvae of transgenic zebrafish carrying a stably integrated hsp70-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene. We demonstrate that eGFP expression in this strain of fish acts as an accurate and reproducible indicator of cell-specific induction of hsp70 gene expression. Furthermore, the transgene responds in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations similar to those observed for morphologic indicators of early-life-stage toxicity and is sensitive enough to detect cadmium at doses below the median combined adverse effect concentration and the median lethal concentration. The stable nature of this transgenic line should allow for extremely rapid and reproducible toxicologic profiling of embryos and larvae throughout development.

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“…due to the size or inaccessibility of the tissue). Previous studies using similar waterborne Cd concentrations (1.0·µg·l -1 and 10.0·µg·l -1 for one week at approximately 40·mg·l -1 water hardness as CaCO3) have shown qualitatively that cadmium accumulates in the olfactory system of brown trout (Salmo trutta; Tjälve and Gottofrey, 1986). Furthermore, several other metals have been shown to accumulate in the olfactory system of fish (Rouleau et al, 1995(Rouleau et al, , 1999Tjälve and Henriksson, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Cd readily crosses the olfactory epithelium and accumulates in the olfactory bulb after anterograde axonal transport along the olfactory nerve (Tjälve and Gottofrey, 1986;Gottofrey and Tjälve, 1991;Tjälve and Henriksson, 1999). This transport is facilitated by metallothionein complexation (Tallkvist et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Scott

Sloman

Rouleau³

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

174

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SUMMARY Alarm substance is a chemical signal released from fish skin epithelial cells after a predator causes skin damage. When other prey fish detect alarm substance by olfaction, they perform stereotypical predator-avoidance behaviours to decrease predation risk. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of sublethal cadmium (Cd) exposure on the behavioural and physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to alarm substance. Waterborne exposure to 2 μg Cd l–1 for 7 days eliminated normal antipredator behaviours exhibited in response to alarm substance, whereas exposures of shorter duration or lower concentration had no effect on normal behaviour. Furthermore, dietary exposure to 3 μg Cd g–1 in the food for 7 days, which produced the same whole-body Cd accumulation as waterborne exposure to 2 μg l–1, did not alter normal behaviour,indicating that an effect specific to waterborne exposure alone (i.e. Cd accumulation in the olfactory system) results in behavioural alteration. Whole-body phosphor screen autoradiography of fish exposed to 109Cd demonstrated that Cd deposition in the olfactory system (rosette, nerve and bulb) during waterborne exposure was greater than in all other organs of accumulation except the gill. However, Cd could not be detected in the brain. A short-term elevation in plasma cortisol occurred in response to alarm substance under control conditions. Cd exposures of 2 μg l–1 waterborne and 3 μg g–1 dietary for 7 days both inhibited this plasma cortisol elevation but did not alter baseline cortisol levels. Our results suggest that exposure to waterborne Cd at environmentally realistic levels (2 μg l–1) can disrupt the normal behavioural and physiological responses of fish to alarm substance and can thereby alter predator-avoidance strategies, with potential impacts on aquatic fish communities.

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Tissue disposition of¹⁰⁹cd²⁺in the brown trout(Salmo trutta)studied by autoradiography and impulse counting^†

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

From the Cover: Cadmium Exposure Differentially Alters Odorant-Driven Behaviors and Expression of Olfactory Receptors in Juvenile Coho Salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)

From the Cover: Cadmium Exposure Differentially Alters Odorant-Driven Behaviors and Expression of Olfactory Receptors in Juvenile Coho Salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Developmental toxicology of cadmium in living embryos of a stable transgenic zebrafish line.

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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