Tissue damage and haematophagia due to praniza larvae (Isopoda: Gnathiidae) in some aquarium seawater teleosts

Marino, Fabio; Giannetto, S.; Paradiso, Maria; Bottari, Teresa; Vico, Gionata De; Macrì, B.

doi:10.3354/dao059043

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Gnathiid infection in aquaculture systems is not common in Malaysia. However, there have been reports of gnathiid outbreaks in Europe (Marino et al, 2004;Hispano et al, 2013) and Japan (Yoshida, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Broodstock of tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, may cease spawning as a result of parasite-associated stress. The larvae of gnathiids can physically damage host tissue Hayes et al, 2007), cause anemia (Jones and Grutter, 2005), and even induce mortality (Yoshida, 1988;Marino et al, 2004;Hayes et al, 2011). Therefore the focus of this study is the larvae as it is the parasitic stage on a gnathiid.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antiparasitic Effect of Formalin, Trichlorfon, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Copper Sulfate on the Parasitic Isopod <i>Caecognathia coralliophila</i>

2016

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Caecognathia coralliophila is known as a pathogenic ectoparasite infecting tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus in a hatchery in Sabah, Malaysia. The effects of copper sulfate, formalin, trichlorfon, and hydrogen peroxide on the survival of C. coralliophila larvae were tested in vitro. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of each chemical for 10, 20, 30, 60 min, or 24 h. Trichlorfon was found to be the most effective, killing the parasites within 24 h at 0.2 ppm. Consequently, the toxicity of trichlorfon to tiger grouper was tested. Fish were exposed to trichlorfon at 0.2 ppm for 24 h or 3.2 ppm for 60 min. No fish died in the experiment. Thus, our data suggest that trichlorfon is effective for treating C. coralliophila infection in E. fuscoguttatus.

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Antiparasitic Effect of Formalin, Trichlorfon, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Copper Sulfate on the Parasitic Isopod <i>Caecognathia coralliophila</i>

2016

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“…The success of the host typing technique could lead to future identification of gnathiid hosts from larger specimen collections, to determine whether they are host-specific or respond to host availability. This is important since Marino et al (2004) suggested that the opportunistic behaviour of juvenile gnathiids could result in infestations of captive or cultured fish worldwide, leading to economic loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood feeding in juvenileParagnathia formica(Isopoda: Gnathiidae): biochemical characterization of trypsin inhibitors, detection of anticoagulants, and molecular identification of fish hosts

et al. 2012

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The 3 post-marsupial juvenile stages of the gnathiid isopod, Paragnathia formica, are haematophagous ectoparasites of fishes that may, in heavy infestations, cause host mortality. Protein digestion in fed stage 3 juveniles is accomplished by cysteine proteinases, but what bioactive compounds attenuate host haemostatic, inflammatory and immunological responses during feeding is unknown. Trypsin inhibitory activity and anticoagulant activity were detected in crude extracts of unfed P. formica stage 1 juveniles; fractionation of stage 1 crude extracts by ion exchange chromatography resulted in 3 preparations each displaying these bioactivities. Further characterization revealed anti-thrombin activity in 2 of these preparations, whilst the third displayed the strongest anticoagulant activity that targeted a factor of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Three trypsin inhibitors (18 kDa, 21 kDa, and 22 kDa) were also detected using reverse zymography. In parallel, homogenates of fed stage 2 and 3 juveniles were used to identify their fish hosts by amplifying the 16S mitochondrial rDNA and 18S genomic rDNA vertebrate gene regions. Blood from at least 4 fish families had been ingested by separate individuals during feeding. This study demonstrates that trypsin inhibitors and anticoagulants are present in P. formica juveniles which could suppress host haemostatic, inflammatory and immunological responses during feeding, and that juveniles are not host specific.

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“…Gnathiids attach themselves to the body, fins, eye rims, gill chambers, nares, lips and the buccal cavity of their fish host (Monod 1926). In feeding on the blood and tissue fluids from their hosts they can cause either tissue damage or, when present in large numbers, death (Marino et al 2004;Hayes et al 2011). The amount of time required for gnathiids to become fully engorged varies among both species and developmental stages, with feeding period being longer for larger species and later juvenile stages (Grutter 2003;Smit et al 2003;Smit and Davies 2004).…”

Section: Ecological Importance Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High numbers of gnathiids can cause anaemia (Paperna 1977;Grutter 2008) and mortality in adult fish (Mugridge and Stallybrass 1983;Marino et al 2004). …”

Section: Chapter 5: Diel Patterns Of Infection By Gnathiid Isopods Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and cleaning behaviour in damselfishes

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Pomacentrids (damselfishes) are one of the most common and diverse group of marine fishes found on coral reefs. However, their digenean fauna and cleaning interactions with the bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, are poorly studied. This thesis explores the digenean trematode fauna in damselfishes from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia and examines several aspects of the role of L. dimidiatus in the recruitment of young damselfishes.My first study aimed to expand our current knowledge of the digenean trematode fauna of damselfishes by examining this group of fishes from Lizard Island on the northern GBR. In a comprehensive study of the digenean trematodes of damselfishes, 358 individuals from 32 species of damselfishes were examined. I found 19 species of digeneans, 54 host/parasite combinations, 18were new host records, and three were new species (Fellodistomidae n. sp., Gyliauchenidae n. sp.and Pseudobacciger cheneyae). Combined molecular and morphological analyses show that Hysterolecitha nahaensis, the single most common trematode, comprises a complex of cryptic species rather than just one species. This work highlights the importance of using both techniques in conjunction in order to identify digenean species. The host-specificity of digeneans within this group of fishes is relatively low. Most of the species possess either euryxenic (infecting multiple related species) or stenoxenic (infecting a diverse range of hosts) specificity, with only a handful of species being convincingly oioxenic (only found in one host species). Overall, the trematode richness in pomacentrid fishes is relatively low compared with that of many other coral reef fish families. The richness is probably best explained by the small size of most pomacentrids. In terms of beta diversity, of the total 23 trematode species having now been reported for the GBR in pomacentrids, just 14 are shared between Heron and Lizard Island. Five species have been recorded only from Lizard Island and four only from Heron Island. A total of 14 species reported from the two sites can be classified as core pomacentrid-specific parasites.I then examined whether the abundance and diversity of damselfish recruits differed on reefs relative to reefs from which cleaner wrasse had been removed for 12 years. Past studies have shown that cleaner wrasse enhance abundance and diversity of adult resident damselfishes (species that are site-attached), however, it is not known whether this effect occurs at recruitment or is driven by post-settlement events such as migration or differential mortality. I characterised the abundance of damselfish recruits on reefs with and without cleaner wrasse for five days in each of three lunar cycles, beginning four days after the new moon (November, December and January). The total abundance of damselfish recruits and specifically two species, Chrysiptera rollandi and P. amboinensis, was higher on reefs with cleaner wrasse than on reefs without. However, overall iii species diversity of damself...

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Tissue damage and haematophagia due to praniza larvae (Isopoda: Gnathiidae) in some aquarium seawater teleosts

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Antiparasitic Effect of Formalin, Trichlorfon, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Copper Sulfate on the Parasitic Isopod <i>Caecognathia coralliophila</i>

Antiparasitic Effect of Formalin, Trichlorfon, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Copper Sulfate on the Parasitic Isopod <i>Caecognathia coralliophila</i>

Blood feeding in juvenileParagnathia formica(Isopoda: Gnathiidae): biochemical characterization of trypsin inhibitors, detection of anticoagulants, and molecular identification of fish hosts

Parasites and cleaning behaviour in damselfishes

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