Tissue‐ and development‐dependent expression of the small GTPase Arf6 in mice

Abstract

The small GTPase Arf6 is a member of the Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) family. Although the function of Arf6 has been heavily studied at the cellular level, its physiological function at the whole animal level is largely unknown. In this study, we examined both the tissue distribution and developmental timing of Arf6 expression in wild type mice to obtain valuable information to speculate on the physiological function of Arf6. Western blot analysis using anti-Arf6 antibody revealed that Arf6 was ubiquitously expressed with its developmental timing differing in a tissue-specific manner. These results were supported by Arf6 mRNA in situ hybridization experiments, which showed that Arf6 was highly expressed in the polarized epithelial cells and embryonic mesenchymal cells of most tissues in a temporally dependent manner. Taken in toto, our results suggest that the expression of Arf6 in mouse tissues is precisely regulated in a developmentand tissue-dependent manner. Developmental Dynamics 239:3416-3435,

The small G protein Arf6 expressed in keratinocytes by HGF stimulation is a regulator for skin wound healing

“…We have previously reported that Arf6 mRNA is abundantly expressed in epithelial cells of various mouse tissues23. Consistent with this report, Arf6 mRNA was highly expressed in the dorsal skin epidermis of embryonic day (E)15.5 and postnatal day (P)1 mice, although the expression level was extremely lower in P56 adult mice (Fig.…”

Arf6 regulates tumour angiogenesis and growth through HGF-induced endothelial β1 integrin recycling

“…3126, Cell Signaling), anti-cMet (1:200 dilution; SP260, Santa Cruz). Rabbit polyclonal antibody specific to Arf6 was generated as previously described 52 . Western blotting was carried out as previously reported 59 .…”

“…In addition to the importance of Arf6 in tumour angiogenesis, it has been reported that Arf6 activation in cancer cells is required for cancer invasion and metastasis 50 . Recent preclinical studies have suggested that anti-angiogenic therapy may promote cancer invasion and metastasis by inducing hypoxia of cancer cells, suggesting that effective cancer therapeutic approaches should involve both inhibition of tumour angiogenesis and cancer invasion/metastasis 51,52 . The critical roles of Arf6 in both tumour vascularization and cancer cell invasiveness/metastasis provide a new cancer therapeutic opportunity.…”

Trans-regulation of oligodendrocyte myelination by neurons through small GTPase Arf6-regulated secretion of fibroblast growth factor-2

“…The brain and liver dissected from mice were minced and homogenized on ice in buffer consisting of 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA and protease inhibitor cocktail (Nacalai Tesque), followed by the addition of SDS to make a final concentration of 1%. After sonication on ice and centrifugation at 1,000g for 20 min at 4°C, Arf6 in the supernatant was analysed by western blotting with anti-Arf6 antibody 36 as described previously 26 . Actin was also western blotted with anti-actin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) as an internal standard.…”