Tissue and cellular mechanics of seeds

Steinbrecher, Tina; Leubner‐Metzger, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.03.001

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…It was shown that small heat shock proteins (HSP20s) were a group of stress-responsive proteins mainly expressed in the seed and flower [ 74 ]. The HSP20s were ATP-dependent small chaperons with molecular weight ranging from 15 kDa to 42 kDa [ 75 ]. Hsp20s could avert protein denaturation, and thus maintain cellular homeostasis during abiotic stresses [ 76 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Length Transcriptome Survey and Expression Analysis of Cassia obtusifolia to Discover Putative Genes Related to Aurantio-Obtusin Biosynthesis, Seed Formation and Development, and Stress Response

Yin

Zheng

Zicheng

et al. 2018

IJMS

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The seed is the pharmaceutical and breeding organ of Cassia obtusifolia, a well-known medical herb containing aurantio-obtusin (a kind of anthraquinone), food, and landscape. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of the biosynthesis of aurantio-obtusin, seed formation and development, and stress response of C. obtusifolia, it is necessary to understand the genomics information. Although previous seed transcriptome of C. obtusifolia has been carried out by short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the vast majority of the resulting unigenes did not represent full-length cDNA sequences and supply enough gene expression profile information of the various organs or tissues. In this study, fifteen cDNA libraries, which were constructed from the seed, root, stem, leaf, and flower (three repetitions with each organ) of C. obtusifolia, were sequenced using hybrid approach combining single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and NGS platform. More than 4,315,774 long reads with 9.66 Gb sequencing data and 361,427,021 short reads with 108.13 Gb sequencing data were generated by SMRT and NGS platform, respectively. 67,222 consensus isoforms were clustered from the reads and 81.73% (61,016) of which were longer than 1000 bp. Furthermore, the 67,222 consensus isoforms represented 58,106 nonredundant transcripts, 98.25% (57,092) of which were annotated and 25,573 of which were assigned to specific metabolic pathways by KEGG. CoDXS and CoDXR genes were directly used for functional characterization to validate the accuracy of sequences obtained from transcriptome. A total of 658 seed-specific transcripts indicated their special roles in physiological processes in seed. Analysis of transcripts which were involved in the early stage of anthraquinone biosynthesis suggested that the aurantio-obtusin in C. obtusifolia was mainly generated from isochorismate and Mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate (MVA/MEP) pathway, and three reactions catalyzed by Menaquinone-specific isochorismate synthase (ICS), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPPS) might be the limited steps. Several seed-specific CYPs, SAM-dependent methyltransferase, and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UDPG) supplied promising candidate genes in the late stage of anthraquinone biosynthesis. In addition, four seed-specific transcriptional factors including three MYB Transcription Factor (MYB) and one MADS-box Transcription Factor (MADS) transcriptional factors) and alternative splicing might be involved with seed formation and development. Meanwhile, most members of Hsp20 genes showed high expression level in seed and flower; seven of which might have chaperon activities under various abiotic stresses. Finally, the expressional patterns of genes with particular interests showed similar trends in both transcriptome assay and qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this is the first full-length transcriptome sequencing reported in Caesalpiniaceae family, and thus providing a more complete insight into aurantio-obtusin biosynthesis, seed formation ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Length Transcriptome Survey and Expression Analysis of Cassia obtusifolia to Discover Putative Genes Related to Aurantio-Obtusin Biosynthesis, Seed Formation and Development, and Stress Response

Yin

Zheng

Zicheng

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Endosperm weakening À the classic story revitalized Endosperm weakening has been a major topic and is almost a classic story in seed germination research, which has been summarized and updated in review articles and textbooks (Nonogaki et al 2007;Bewley et al 2013;Nonogaki 2014;Steinbrecher and Leubner-Metzger 2018). The weakening of the secondary cell walls of the micropylar endosperm (ME) by hemicellulases, for example, endo-b-mannanase, has been particularly well documented in association with the changes in the secondary cell walls (Groot and Karssen 1987;Groot et al 1988;Toorop et al 1996).…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed germination and dormancy: The classic story, new puzzles, and evolution

Nonogaki¹

2019

JIPB

133

141

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This review highlights recent progresses in seed germination and dormancy research. Research on the weakening of the endosperm during germination, which is almost a classic theme in seed biology, was resumed by α‐xylosidase studies. Strong genetic evidence was presented to suggest that the quality control of xyloglucan biosynthesis in the endosperm (and the embryo) plays a critical role in germination. Further analyses on the endosperm and the adjacent layers have suggested that the cutin coat in the endosperm‐testa interphase negatively affects germination while the endosperm‐embryo interphase produces a sheath that facilitates germination. These progresses significantly advanced our understanding of seed germination mechanisms. A breakthrough in dormancy research, on the other hand, revealed the unique abscisic acid signaling pathway that is regulated by DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1). The detailed analysis of DOG1 expression uncovered the intriguing story of reciprocal regulation of the sense‐antisense pair, which generated new questions. Recent studies also suggested that the DOG1 function is not limited to dormancy but extended through general seed maturation, which provokes questions about the evolution of DOG1 family proteins. Seed biology is becoming more exciting with the classic stories being revitalized and new puzzles emerging from the frontier.

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“…Seed germination is a complex process and we need to understand the underlying molecular, hormonal, and mechanical aspects [72]. The environment during seed production has major impacts on the behavior of progeny seeds [73].…”

Section: Adnormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The environment during seed production has major impacts on the behavior of progeny seeds [73]. For that reason, the seed biology is considered the principal research topic for food security take into consideration the climate change [72].…”

Section: Adnormentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of Scarification Process on Papaya (Carica papayaLin.) Seeds Germination

Rodrı́guez¹,

Vargas²,

Hijuelo³

et al. 2020

Seed Dormancy and Germination

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The presence of the aril (sarcotesta) in the papaya causes a slow and low germination, being necessary to break the state of dormancy. Calcium hydroxide that was applied in order to evaluate its scarifying effect was the objective. The sample consisted of 60 randomly selected fruits of hermaphrodite plants in a commercial production batch of approximately 1 ha (2222 plants) showing commercial maturity, of homogeneous size (±2 kg). The treatments were calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 at three doses, dipping the seed for a period of 24 h; the standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 25% with a 15 min immersion time. The highest germination and vigor seeds were obtained applied Ca(OH) 2 with highly significant differences respect to the rest treatment, especially for the dose of 60 g l −1 of water for reasons of diminishing expenses. Significant correlations were found, with direct relations (aril and mechanical damage) and inverse relations (abnormal seeds) between the variables evaluated related to the vigor and germination of the seeds. It can be an ecological and not expensive methodology to improve the germination and vigor of papaya seeds in relation to other chemical compounds to scarify.

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Tissue and cellular mechanics of seeds

Cited by 56 publications

References 56 publications

Full-Length Transcriptome Survey and Expression Analysis of Cassia obtusifolia to Discover Putative Genes Related to Aurantio-Obtusin Biosynthesis, Seed Formation and Development, and Stress Response

Full-Length Transcriptome Survey and Expression Analysis of Cassia obtusifolia to Discover Putative Genes Related to Aurantio-Obtusin Biosynthesis, Seed Formation and Development, and Stress Response

Seed germination and dormancy: The classic story, new puzzles, and evolution

Analysis of the Effect of Scarification Process on Papaya (Carica papayaLin.) Seeds Germination

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