Tirzepatide: A First-in-class Twincretin for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Tirzepatide (LY3298176) was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 13th, 2022. The drug was developed by Eli Lilly and Co. and marketed under the trade name of ‘Mounjaro’, a first-in-class ‘Twincretin’, which is a dual activator of GIP and GLP-1 receptors, resulting in improved blood sugar control in type 2 diabetics The review covered the comprehensive insight on the drug discovery journey of tirzepatide. Methods: Using the keywords "Tirzepatide", "Twincretin", "Type 2 Diabetes", "GLP-1", and "GIP," data were gathered from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Results: The review covers comprehensive insight into the drug discovery journey of tirzepatide. The drug-target structural specialty has been discussed to establish the dual inhibition mechanism of action of tirzepatide. The results of in vitro studies, preclinical and clinical trial data, pharmacokinetic profile, dosing regimen, side effects, and toxicities of tirzepatide are reviewed to account for the potency, efficacy, and safety of the newly approved drug. The drug molecule may attain a privileged status in the anti-diabetic market as the clinical data showed that it effectively reduces HbA1c level in monotherapy as well as in add-on therapy, compared to placebo, semaglutide, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine, and found effective in type 2 diabetes associated conditions like atherogenic dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Conclusion: Tirzepatide is a clinically efficient drug, exhibiting a good safety profile as evident from the existing clinical data, and could be a new alternative to the currently available antidiabetics for the treatment of T2D.