Tire Rubber Recycling and Bioremediation: A Review

Stevenson, Keri; Stallwood, Bethan; Hart, Adam G.

doi:10.1080/10889860701866263

Cited by 93 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…lightly decreased, but it was still able to maintain a high biomass. As was known many elastomers and additives inhibited microbial growth [9,22]. Although additives on the surface of GTR had been removed before microbial desulfurization, residual chemicals inside detoxicated GTR could be penetrated out during long time culture in the medium.…”

Section: Biomass Of Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Desulfurization of Ground Tire Rubber by Sphingomonas sp.: A Novel Technology for Crumb Rubber Composites

2011

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This study focused on the microbial desulfurization of ground tire rubber (GTR) by Sphingomonas sp. that was selected from coal mine soil and had sulphur oxidizing capacity. GTR was immersed in the medium co-cultured with the Sphingomonas sp. for 20 days. The growth curve of Sphingomonas sp. during co-cultured desulfurization with GTR was measured and the surface chemical groups of GTR before and after desulfurization were analyzed. The crosslink density, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and morphology of fracture surface of SBR composites filled with GTR or DGTR were studied to evaluate the microbial desulfurization effect. The results showed that GTR had low toxicity to Sphingomonas sp., so Sphingomonas sp. was able to maintain a high biomass. After desulfurization, not only a rupture of conjugated C=C bonds, but also a reduction of sulfur content had happened to GTR. The sol fraction of GTR increased from its original 4.69-8.68% after desulfurization. Desulfurated ground tire rubber (DGTR) sheets had better physical properties, and higher swelling values than GTR sheets. The DMA results showed that SBR/ DGTR composite had a reduction of molecular chain friction resistance during glass transition region and a decrease of glass transition temperature. SEM photograph further indicated a good coherency interface between DGTR and the rubber matrix.

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Section: Biomass Of Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Desulfurization of Ground Tire Rubber by Sphingomonas sp.: A Novel Technology for Crumb Rubber Composites

2011

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“…74,80 Nonetheless, recent research showed that the activity of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms could devulcanize tire rubber polymers. 74,81 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Nocardia could cause microbial desulfurization of tire rubber granules, 81−84 and the degradation rate generally increased with decreasing particle size when the cell attachment efficiency was not a limiting factor. 84,85 Nonetheless, degradation of tire rubber granules caused by microbial attack is much less significant compared to the attack by atmospheric oxygen.…”

Section: ■ Areas Of Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Impacts of Artificial Turf: A Review

Cheng¹,

Hu²,

Reinhard³

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

112

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With significant water savings and low maintenance requirements, artificial turf is increasingly promoted as a replacement for natural grass on athletic fields and lawns. However, there remains the question of whether it is an environmentally friendly alternative to natural grass. The major concerns stem from the infill material that is typically derived from scrap tires. Tire rubber crumb contains a range of organic contaminants and heavy metals that can volatilize into the air and/or leach into the percolating rainwater, thereby posing a potential risk to the environment and human health. A limited number of studies have shown that the concentrations of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in the air above artificial turf fields were typically not higher than the local background, while the concentrations of heavy metals and organic contaminants in the field drainages were generally below the respective regulatory limits. Health risk assessment studies suggested that users of artificial turf fields, even professional athletes, were not exposed to elevated risks. Preliminary life cycle assessment suggested that the environmental impacts of artificial turf fields were lower than equivalent grass fields. Areas that need further research to better understand and mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts of artificial turf are identified.

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“…Today's major usage of plastic materials can be traced back to the 1800s with the development of rubber technology. One of the key breakthroughs in this area was the discovery of vulcanisation of natural rubber by Charles Goodyear [30]. Throughout the 1800s a number of attempts were made to develop synthetic polymers including polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), but at this time these materials were either too brittle to be commercially viable or would not keep their shape.…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Plastic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics Are Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Freshwater Environments: An Overview

Lambert

Wagner

2017

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

219

137

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In recent years, interest in the environmental occurrence and effects of microplastics (MPs) has shifted towards our inland waters, and in this chapter we provide an overview of the issues that may be of concern for freshwater environments. The term 'contaminant of emerging concern' does not only apply to chemical pollutants but to MPs as well because it has been detected ubiquitously in freshwater systems. The environmental release of MPs will occur from a wide variety of sources, including emissions from wastewater treatment plants and from the degradation of larger plastic debris items. Due to the chemical makeup of plastic materials, receiving environments are potentially exposed to a mixture of microand nano-sized particles, leached additives, and subsequent degradation products, which will become bioavailable for a range of biota. The ingestion of MPs by aquatic organisms has been demonstrated, but the long-term effects of continuous exposures are less well understood. Technological developments and changes in demographics will influence the types of MPs and environmental concentrations in the future, and it will be important to develop approaches to mitigate the input of synthetic polymers to freshwater ecosystems.

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Tire Rubber Recycling and Bioremediation: A Review

Cited by 93 publications

References 36 publications

Microbial Desulfurization of Ground Tire Rubber by Sphingomonas sp.: A Novel Technology for Crumb Rubber Composites

Microbial Desulfurization of Ground Tire Rubber by Sphingomonas sp.: A Novel Technology for Crumb Rubber Composites

Environmental and Health Impacts of Artificial Turf: A Review

Microplastics Are Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Freshwater Environments: An Overview

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