Tire Abrasion as a Major Source of Microplastics in the Environment

Sommer, Frank; Dietze, Volker; Baum, Anja; Sauer, Jan; Gilge, Stefan; Maschowski, Christoph; Gieré, Reto

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2018.03.0099

Cited by 391 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In soil, fertilizers made from recycled waste, as well as street runoff, including abrasions from tires and breaks may be a source of MP [37]. The presence of MP could change soil structure and behavior [14,15]; nevertheless, the main effect seems to be the chemicals leaching out of the plastic material.…”

Section: Germination Rate Index Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Pflugmacher

Sulek

Mader

et al. 2020

Plants

100

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With the increase in environmental monitoring and assessing, we are gaining insight into the extent of microplastic pollution in our environment. The threat posed by microplastics to biota could come, e.g., from leached substances. As some plastic materials have been decaying in nature for extended periods already, the toxic effects of leaching compounds need to be investigated. It is furthermore essential to understand the adverse effects of new plastic and how these effects differ from the effects elicited by old plastic material. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of exposure to leachates from new and artificial aged polycarbonate as well as new and aged polycarbonate granules on various germination parameters of Lepidium sativum were studied. Germination, root, and shoot length, as well as the calculated germination rate index as a measure for germination speed, was negatively influenced in substrate-free and substrate containing exposures. From an ecological and agricultural point of view, this implies possible yield losses with less germinating seeds, slower plant germination speed, and smaller seedlings in general.

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Section: Germination Rate Index Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Pflugmacher

Sulek

Mader

et al. 2020

Plants

100

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“…The identification of particles as being TRWP is not trivial and still subject of current research [11,12]. Different chemical markers and procedures have been applied [13]. Recently a standard was given to measure TWRP concentrations based on the Pyrolysis-GC/MS method [14].…”

Section: Particles Of Tire Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Pohrt¹

2019

FU Mech Eng

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Automotive tires have played an important role in land-based transportation and will probably continue to do so for many years to come. During their service lifetime, parts of the outer protector layer are worn off and discarded into the environment. A typical passenger car emits about 120 micrograms of rubber per meter but the exact current value depends on a multitude of influencing factors and varies greatly. We review available data on the wear rate (or inverse expected lifetime) of automotive rubber tires and extract qualitative estimations on how the most important parameters alter the deposition rate on a given road section. Local hot spots of increased tire wear particle occurrence can be identified from these parameters. It is concluded that generally subjecting tires to milder usage conditions can reduce tire wear by substantial amounts. Reducing vehicle speeds is identified as the most effective general measure.

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“…Emissions of brake wear particles (BWPs) add another 0.5 million tonnes. TWPs and BWPs are produced via mechanical abrasion and corrosion 15,16 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Transport, a Major Pathway of Microplastics to Remote Regions

Evangeliou¹,

Grythe²,

Klimont³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In recent years, marine, freshwater and terrestrial pollution with microplastics has been discussed extensively, whereas atmospheric microplastic transport has been largely overlooked. Here, we present the first global simulation of atmospheric transport of microplastic particles produced by road traffic (TWPs – tire wear particles and BWPs – brake wear particles), a major source that can be quantified relatively well. We find a high transport efficiency of these particles to remote regions, such as the Arctic Ocean (14%). About 34% of the emitted coarse TWPs and 30% of the emitted coarse BWPs (100 kt yr-1 and 40 kt yr-1 respectively) were deposited in the World Ocean. These amounts are of similar magnitude as the total estimated terrestrial and riverine transport of TWPs and fibres to the ocean (64 kt yr-1). Atmospheric transport of microplastics is thus an underestimated threat to global terrestrial and marine ecosystems and affects air quality on a global scale, especially considering that other large but highly uncertain emissions of microplastics to the atmosphere exist. High latitudes and the Arctic are highlighted as an important receptor of mid-latitude emissions of road microplastics, which may imply a future climatic risk, considering their affinity to absorb solar radiation and accelerate melting.

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Tire Abrasion as a Major Source of Microplastics in the Environment

Cited by 391 publications

References 29 publications

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Tire Wear Particle Hot Spots – Review of Influencing Factors

Atmospheric Transport, a Major Pathway of Microplastics to Remote Regions

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