Tip60 might be a candidate for the acetylation of hepatic carbonic anhydrase I and III in mice

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important role in maintaining pH balance by catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. Since this pH balance is critical to health, all organisms must develop mechanisms to control and regulate it. Although there is a great deal of literature on the biochemical, functional, and structural properties of the CA family, there is no enough knowledge on the regulation of CAs at gene and protein levels, especially their epigenetic regulation. In this study, impact of Tip60, a member of histone acetyltransferases family, on the expression of Ca1 and Ca3 genes in liver tissue was investigated at different zeitgeber time points in control and liver-speci c Tip60 knockout mice (mutant) groups. First of all, Tip60 was speci cally knocked out in mouse liver the using Cre/loxP system and knockout rate was shown as 83% -88% by southern blot. Expression pro les of Ca1 and Ca3 genes in both groups were determined by Real-Time PCR at six different time points. While Ca1 showed the highest expression at ZT8 and ZT12, the lowest expression pro le was observed at ZT0 and ZT20. Hepatic Ca1 showed a robust circadian expression. While hepatic Ca3 showed almost the same level of expression at different time units. The expression of Ca1 and Ca3 signi cantly decreased in the absence of Tip60 in mouse liver all time period. In conclusion, it was suggested for the rst time that Tip60 may be considered a candidate protein in the regulation of Ca1 and Ca3 genes, possibly by acetylation.

Composition characterization and biological activity study of Achillea vermicularis extract and extract‐loaded nanoparticles

“…The method's concept, the carbonic anhydrase enzyme's p ‐nitrophenyl acetate is utilized as a substrate. The absorbance at 348 nm is caused by hydrolysis to p ‐nitrophenol or p ‐nitrophenol 17,21,22 …”

“…Both p ‐nitrophenol and p ‐nitrophenolate have the same absorbance at 348 nm in this approach. As a result, the generation of phenol or phenolate has no bearing on the measurement during the reaction 17,21–23 . Because the absorbance of 348 nm p ‐nitrophenyl acetate is so low, it is used blindly.…”

“…Carbonic anhydrases are classified into four categories based on where they are found in the body, with at least 16 distinct isoforms ranging from CA I to CA XVI. CA isoenzyme inhibitors (hCA I and hCA II) are also employed as active ingredients in pain medications and diuretics to treat cancer, epilepsy, osteoporosis, and other diseases, hypertension, especially hCA II inhibitors, and eye diseases 14–17 …”

“…CA isoenzyme inhibitors (hCA I and hCA II) are also employed as active ingredients in pain medications and diuretics to treat cancer, epilepsy, osteoporosis, and other diseases, hypertension, especially hCA II inhibitors, and eye diseases. [14][15][16][17] The genus Achillea (Asteraceae), which is distributed in Europe and temperate areas of Asia, consists of more than 100 species. The species of this genus have been commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of fever, cough, bronchitis, asthma, skin inflammation, stomach ailment, gastritis, bladder stones, and liver ailments.…”

Depletion of Tip60/Kat5 affects the hepatic antioxidant system in mice

“…Tat‐interactive protein 60 kDa (TIP60, also called lysine acetyltransferase 5 [KAT5]) represents a member of the MYST family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) with multiple functions 1 . Recent studies have stated that TIP60 is a highly linked “hub” protein interacting with complex regulatory pathways involved in signal transduction mechanisms such as DNA damage repair, 2 gene transcription, 3 the regulation of the cell cycle, 1,4 circadian clock, 5 apoptosis, 6 tumorigenesis, the regulation of the subcellular localization of iron, 7 and several epigenetic modifications 8,9 . Homozygous disruption of the Tip60 leads to death in the embryonic process, 10 while the depletion of its expression causes many cancer types by suppressing or inducing the tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and apoptotic signaling pathway genes 10,11 .…”