“…Compared to the original CC in the inset, some strong diffraction peaks appear in the patterns of Figure 1 a–h. For CC@TiO 2 in Figure 1 a, the peaks are located at 27.76°, 36.43°, 39.26°, 41.53°, 44.26°, 54.64°, 56.87°, 62.12°, 64.43°, 69.23° and 70.13°, which correspond to the diffraction of rutile TiO 2 crystal planes (110), (101), (200), (111), (210), (211), (220), (002), (310), (301) and (112) [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. It means that the rutile TiO 2 is effectively formed on the CC.…”