SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Epidemiology of respiratory diseasesCRIs, which affect the airways and other pulmonary structures, constitute one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity globally. COPD, asthma, ILDs, LC, CF and occupational lung disorders (such as pneumoconiosis and sarcoidosis) are among the most common examples of CRIs affecting the human population. Globally, the general state of people's health is declining, and the number of persons suffering from CRIs is rising dramatically (Bousquet et al., 2007). According to estimates, 4 million individuals die prematurely from CRIs each year (Xie et al., 2020). CRIs have affected the lives of around 1 billion people worldwide and are becoming more prevalent and burdensome day by day (Kilgore and Najm, 2010) (Zar and Ferkol, 2014). CRIs are becoming a significant global public health concern, particularly in poor nations and impoverished areas (Aït-Khaled et al., 2001). These are prevalent amongst all age groups, but predominantly affect youngsters and the elderly (Chuchalin et al., 2014) (Ferkol andSchraufnagel, 2014). The incidence of CRIs is increasing in overall terms in high-income countries (HICs) despite the availability of excellent medical care. This suggests that either certain risk variables have not been sufficiently tackled or that there are not enough resources available to address this ongoing health burden. Global age-standardized morbidity and mortality rates for CRIs significantly decreased between 1990 and 2017 (Soriano et al., 2020). Worldwide, an estimated 544.9 million people] had a chronic respiratory disease in 2017. This was a 39.8% rise from the number of people affected in 1990 (389.7 million). In 2017, the prevalence was approximately 7% worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) high-income superregion had the maximum incidence of CRIs, rising from 9.7% in 1990 to 10.6% in 2017. In comparison, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia had the lowest prevalence rates (5.5% and 5.1% respectively). Additionally, the prevalence of CRIs decreased the most in Latin America and the Caribbean, from 8.1% in 1990 to 7.3% in 2017. CRIs prevalence also decreased in the super-region of Eastern Europe, Central Europe, and Central Asia from 9.5% to 9.2% (Soriano et al., 2020). On the other hand, the prevalence of CRIs increased from 7.6% to 7.7% in North Africa and middle East region. (Supplementary Figure 1) It is essential to recognize these up-to-date epidemiological patterns in each unique CRI in order to inform policy choices about resource allocation and ensure that the health care workforces are properly trained. With rise in absolute numbers but dramatic decreases in some agestandardized indicators since 1990, CRIs continue to be a chief cause of deaths and disability globally. On a per-capita basis, regions with under-resourced healthcare systems appear to have higher rates of premature mortality from CRIs.
COPDCOPD is one of the main factors of morbidities and deaths in high, middle-, and low-income nations. According to data from t...
