TiO2 and Au-TiO2 Nanomaterials for Rapid Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotic Residues in Aquaculture Wastewater

Abstract

Antibiotic residues in aquaculture wastewater are considered as an emerging environmental problem, as they are not efficiently removed in wastewater treatment plants. To address this issue, we fabricated TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs), TiO2 nanowires on nanotube arrays (TNWs/TNAs), Au nanoparticle (NP)-decorated-TNAs, and TNWs/TNAs, which were applied for assessing the photocatalytic degradation of eight antibiotics, simultaneously. The TNAs and TNWs/TNAs were synthesized by anodization using an aqueous NH4F/ethylene glycol solution. Au NPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method, and used to decorate on TNAs and TNWs/TNAs. All the TiO2 nanostructures exhibited anatase phase and well-defined morphology. The photocatalytic performance of TNAs, TNWs/TNAs, Au-TNAs and Au-TNWs/TNAs was studied by monitoring the degradation of amoxicillin, ampicillin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, vancomycin, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole under ultraviolet (UV)-visible (VIS), or VIS illumination by LC-MS/MS method. All the four kinds of nanomaterials degraded the antibiotics effectively and rapidly, in which most antibiotics were removed completely after 20 min treatment. The Au-TNWs/TNAs exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in degradation of the eight antibiotics. For example, reaction rate constants of Au-TNWs/TNAs for degradation of lincomycin reached 0.26 min−1 and 0.096 min−1 under UV-VIS and VIS irradiation, respectively; and they were even higher for the other antibiotics. The excellent photocatalytic activity of Au-TNWs/TNAs was attributed to the synergistic effects of: (1) The larger surface area of TNWs/TNAs as compared to TNAs, and (2) surface plasmonic effect in Au NPs to enhance the visible light harvesting.

Visible-Light Active Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials with Bactericidal Properties

“…The pores grow into tubular features and form TNT arrays as the anodizing process continues to its final stage (Figure 12c,d). The growth of TNT arrays is described as the competition between electrochemical oxide formation and chemical dissolution of oxide by F − ions of sufficient concentrations [222][223][224]. Figure 13a,b shows the formation of TNT arrays by anodizing Ti in a mixed ethylene glycol/NH 4 F and water solution [223,225].…”

Antibiotics in Aquaculture Wastewater: Is It Feasible to Use a Photodegradation-Based Treatment for Their Removal?

“…TiO 2 nanotube arrays and TiO 2 nanowires on nanotube arrays were used by Do et al (2019) [ 90 ] in the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX), ampicillin (AMP), doxycycline (DXC), OTC, lincomycin (LCM), VCM, sulfamethazine (SMZ), and SMX under UV-vis light. The nanomaterials allowed for a fast and efficient degradation of the eight antibiotics, which were completely removed after 20 min of treatment.…”

Recent Progress in Antimicrobial Nanomaterials

“…The growth of TNT arrays is described as the competition between electrochemical oxide formation and chemical dissolution of oxide by F − ions of sufficient concentrations [222][223][224]. Figure 13a,b shows the formation of TNT arrays by anodizing Ti in a mixed ethylene glycol/NH 4 F and water solution [223,225]. At a low applied voltage of 5 V, an SEM image shows the formation of the rough Ti surface together with inhomogeneous TNTs.…”