TiO₂ Based Nanomaterials and Their Application as Anode for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Titanium dioxide- (TiO2-) based nanomaterials have been widely adopted as active materials for photocatalysis, sensors, solar cells, and for energy storage and conversion devices, especially rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to their excellent structural and cycling stability, high discharge voltage plateau (more than 1.7 V versus Li+/Li), high safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, due to their relatively low theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity, their use in practical applications, i.e. anode materials for LIBs, is limited. Several strategies have been developed to improve the conductivity, the capacity, the cycling stability, and the rate capability of TiO2-based materials such as designing different nanostructures (1D, 2D, and 3D), Coating or combining TiO2 with carbonaceous materials, and selective doping with mono and heteroatoms. This chapter is devoted to the development of a simple and cost-efficient strategies for the preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles as anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). These strategies consist of using the Sol–Gel method, with a sodium alginate biopolymer as a templating agent and studying the influence of calcination temperature and phosphorus doping on the structural, the morphological and the textural properties of TiO2 material. Moreover, the synthetized materials were tested electrochemically as anode material for lithium ion battery. TiO2 electrodes calcined at 300°C and 450°C have delivered a reversible capacity of 266 mAh g−1, 275 mAh g−1 with coulombic efficiencies of 70%, 75% during the first cycle under C/10 current rate, respectively. Besides, the phosphorus doped TiO2 electrodes were presented excellent lithium storage properties compared to the non-doped electrodes which can be attributed to the beneficial role of phosphorus doping to inhibit the growth of TiO2 nanoparticles during the synthesis process and provide a high electronic conductivity.

Carbon-coated Ni0.5Mg0.5Fe1.7Mn0.3O4 nanoparticles as a novel anode material for high energy density lithium-ion batteries

“…In this study, we demonstrate that the Ni 0.5 Mg 0.5-Fe 1.7 Mn 0.3 O 4 /C composite material displays a reversible capacity above 800 mA h g À1 . This value is notably 2-3 times greater than the reversible capacity observed in the graphite anode material, 35 and also shows a high specific capacity compared to the spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , 52 TiO 2 , 53 and Li 3 VO 4 , 54 anode materials. Furthermore, the energy density of spinel oxide Ni 0.5 Mg 0.5-Fe 1.7 Mn 0.3 O 4 /C Li-ion cell is calculated to be 360 Wh kg À1 based on the capacity and the average potential of positive and negative electrodes with a relatively high operating voltage of 1.1 V versus Li/Li + compared to the traditional graphite.…”

Biopolymer‐assisted Synthesis of P‐doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for High‐performance Lithium‐ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Study

“…In addition, the crystallographic information obtained from the refinement of all samples is presented in Table 1. The diffraction peaks 25.3°, 37.9°, 48.1°, 54.7°, 55.0°, 62.7°, 68.9°, 75.04°, 83.0° are ascribed to (101), (004), (200), (105), (211), (204), (116), (215), (312) diffraction planes of anatase TiO 2 , respectively [36–39] . Moreover, the phosphorus characteristic peaks are absent in all patterns, which could be attributed to the high phosphorus dispersion or the low doping concentration.…”

Limiting voltage and capacity fade of lithium-rich, low cobalt Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Fe0.1Co0.03O2 by controlling the upper cut-off voltage

“…P-doped TiO 2 has shown excellent first coulombic efficiency, lithium-ion diffusion, and capacity retention during prolonged cycling. 72 The output voltage of the full cell was 2.3 V which match the voltage difference between P-doped TiO 2 and NMCF. Moreover, Fig.…”

“…The coin cells were assembled in an Ar-filled glovebox using lithium foil as counter electrodes, WHATMAN glass microfiber filter as separator and 1 M LiPF 6 in EC : DMC (1 : 1) as electrolyte. For Full Cell measurement, P-doped TiO 2 (synthesis process and electrochemical performances are details in our recent studies 71,72 ) was used as negative electrode. This electrode was composed of 85% wt of P-doped TiO 2 active material, 10% wt of carbon black, and 5% wt PVDF.…”