TiO 2 nanotubes as a cold cathode for x-ray generation

Abstract

Here we report on an x-ray source based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes grown by electrochemical oxidation. From the analysis of current-voltage characteristics of TiO2 electron emitter field emission nature of the current was confirmed. The threshold voltage and field enhancement factors were derived to be ∼1.8 V/μm and ∼8363, respectively. The current density was ∼4.0 mA/cm2 at ∼2.4 V/μm. The stability tests showed that the current stayed stable within 6% for more than 720 h. TiO2 nanotubes were used as a cold cathode in x-ray tube and it was demonstrated that TiO2 nanotubes could be a good candidate for such applications.

A Review on TiO2 Nanotubes: Influence of Anodization Parameters, Formation Mechanism, Properties, Corrosion Behavior, and Biomedical Applications

“…The TNT can be used as a field emission electron source for generating X-ray radiation. It is not affected by exposure to O 2 and has a good electrical contact between TNT film and conductive Ti sheet [129].…”

Remarkably improved field emission of TiO2 nanotube arrays by annealing atmosphere engineering

“…One-dimensional (1D) metal oxide nanomaterials such as ZnO [1][2][3], SnO 2 [4,5], WO 3 [6], Fe 2 O 3 [7], and TiO 2 [8][9][10] have stimulated enormous attention for field emitters in the past decades due to their sharp tips, high aspect ratio, and superior antioxidation ability which can operate under unfavorable environment with relatively high oxygen partial pressure in their applications. Among various 1D metal oxide nanomaterials, TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) fabricated by anodization have attracted considerable attention for several reasons [11][12][13].…”

Mechanical fabrication of carbon nanotube/TiO2 nanoparticle composite films and their field‐emission properties

“…Here, CNTs doped with TiO 2 nanoparticles are used as electron emitters for improving FE uniformity, stability, and lifetime. TiO 2 is a wide bandgap (∼3.2 eV) semiconductor with outstanding mechanical, chemical and thermal stability, as well as a relatively low work function (3.9–4.5 eV) compared with CNTs (∼5 eV) 17. The FE properties of TiO 2 nanomaterails such as nanowires and nanotube arrays have been investigated 17–20, but many researches showed that the turn‐on field of TiO 2 nanomaterails are very high 19, 20.…”