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Background Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) is defined as the occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis in the absence of other systemic diseases. The most comprehensive review on this condition was published in 2001. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature on cases of TINU syndrome. Medline an EMBASE databases were screened. Full-length articles or letters reporting cases with both tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis were selected. We investigated differences between males/females and pediatric and adult cases. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for chronic kidney disease development. Results 233 articles reporting 592 TINU cases were retained for analysis. The median age of the included subjects was 17 (interquartile range 13-46) years, with a female predominance (65%). Uveitis most frequently (52%) followed renal disease, and was mostly anterior (65%) and bilateral (88%). Children tended to have more ocular relapses while they were slightly less likely than adults to suffer from acute kidney injury and to develop chronic kidney disease. Adult age, as well as posterior or panuveitis, were associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conclusions TINU affects both children and adults, with some differences between these two categories. Adult age and the presence of a posterior uveitis or panuveitis appear to be associated with the development of chronic kidney disease.
Background Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) is defined as the occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis in the absence of other systemic diseases. The most comprehensive review on this condition was published in 2001. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature on cases of TINU syndrome. Medline an EMBASE databases were screened. Full-length articles or letters reporting cases with both tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis were selected. We investigated differences between males/females and pediatric and adult cases. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for chronic kidney disease development. Results 233 articles reporting 592 TINU cases were retained for analysis. The median age of the included subjects was 17 (interquartile range 13-46) years, with a female predominance (65%). Uveitis most frequently (52%) followed renal disease, and was mostly anterior (65%) and bilateral (88%). Children tended to have more ocular relapses while they were slightly less likely than adults to suffer from acute kidney injury and to develop chronic kidney disease. Adult age, as well as posterior or panuveitis, were associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conclusions TINU affects both children and adults, with some differences between these two categories. Adult age and the presence of a posterior uveitis or panuveitis appear to be associated with the development of chronic kidney disease.
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