Tinea Gladiatorum and Dermatophyte Contamination Among Wrestlers and in Wrestling Halls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Kermani, Firoozeh; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Hosseini, Seyed Abdollah; Bandalizadeh, Zainab; Barzegari, Saeed; Shokohi, Tahereh

doi:10.1007/s00284-019-01816-3

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The overall global prevalence of tinea gladiatorum in wrestlers was estimated at 34.29% as described in our previous systematic and meta‐analysis study . In the present study, the prevalence of tinea gladiatorum was 6.5% among wrestlers, taekwondo athletes and judokas in Mazandaran, northern Iran. The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of tinea gladiatorum in Sari, the capital of Mazandaran, decreased from 20.6% in 2007 to 5.48% in 2018 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Molecular epidemiology of Tinea gladiatorum in contact sports in northern Iran

Kermani

Moosazadeh

Hedayati

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Summary Background Tinea gladiatorum as the major health concern among combat athletes and the most common cause of a decrease in the quality of their sports activities. Objectives This study aimed to determine the molecular epidemiology of tinea gladiatorum in contact sports in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Materials/Methods In total, 631 suspected athletes out of 4240 ones were screened for tinea gladiatorum in this cross‐sectional study from May 2018 to February 2019. The infection was confirmed by direct microscopy and culture tests. The causative agents were identified by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method on ITS rDNA region. The indoor environmental factors were evaluated in 81 sports halls in terms of temperature (°C), humidity (%), density (m2/athletes) and the number of ventilators. Results Tinea gladiatorum was confirmed in 6.5% (278/4240) of the athletes. Tinea corporis was the most common type of tinea (192/278; 69.0%), and 175 cases (27.7%) had more than one type of tinea. Moreover, Trichophyton tonsurans (192/203; 94.5%) was the most aetiological agent in all athletes followed by Microsporum canis (6/203; 2.9%), Trichophyton rubrum (2/203; 0.9%) and Trichophyton interdigitale (1/203; 0.4%). There was no significant association between the prevalence of tinea gladiatorum and the indoor environmental factors. Conclusion T. tonsurans is the most common agent of tinea gladiatorum in Northern Iran. Since no positive culture of dermatophyte was obtained from mats, it seems that skin‐to‐skin contact would be the most probable mode of transmission among wrestlers. Accordingly, periodical checkups should be considered by health care providers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Molecular epidemiology of Tinea gladiatorum in contact sports in northern Iran

Kermani

Moosazadeh

Hedayati

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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“… 62 – 66 In a 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies involving 4818 wrestlers, the prevalence of tinea gladiatorum varied from 2.4 to 96.62%, with an overall prevalence of 34.29% (95% confidence interval: 20.33–48.25). 67 …”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinea corporis: an updated review

Leung¹,

Lam²,

Leong³

et al. 2020

DIC

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Background Tinea corporis is a common fungal infection that mimics many other annular lesions. Physicians must familiarize themselves with this condition and its treatment. Objective This article aimed to provide a narrative updated review on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea corporis. Methods A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key term ‘tinea corporis.’ The search strategy included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English language. The information retrieved from the mentioned search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results Tinea corporis typically presents as a well-demarcated, sharply circumscribed, oval or circular, mildly erythematous, scaly patch or plaque with a raised leading edge. Mild pruritus is common. The diagnosis is often clinical but can be difficult with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. Dermoscopy is a useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool. If necessary, the diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide wet-mount preparations of skin scrapings from the active border of the lesion. Fungal culture is the gold standard to diagnose dermatophytosis especially if the diagnosis is in doubt and results of other tests are inconclusive or the infection is widespread, severe, or resistant to treatment. The standard treatment of tinea corporis is with topical antifungals. Systemic antifungal treatment is indicated if the lesion is multiple, extensive, deep, recurrent, chronic, or unresponsive to topical antifungal treatment, or if the patient is immunodeficient. Conclusion The diagnosis of tinea corporis is usually clinical and should pose no problem to the physician provided the lesion is typical. However, many clinical variants of tinea corporis exist, rendering the diagnosis difficult especially with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. As such, physicians must be familiar with this condition so that an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment initiated.

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“…In the colonial period, it expanded to Central and South America, and from there, through both migration and international combat sports competitions, to Europe and the United States 4 . In the USA, Iran and Turkey, the prevalence of the ‘Tinea gladiatorum’ among wrestlers varies from 2.4% to 90.62% (average 34.29%) 5 . As a trigger of tinea capitis, T tonsurans initially played a rather minor role in Europe, while in the USA, the Caribbean and, later, also in Great Britain, the pathogen has become the main cause of tinea capitis in children 6,7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinea capitis et barbae caused by Trichophyton tonsurans: A retrospective cohort study of an infection chain after shavings in barber shops

Müller

Kappa-Markovi

Hyun

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Background Tinea capitis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by dermatophytes. In Central Europe, it is mainly caused by zoophilic dermatophytes, as, for example Microsporum (M) canis or Trichophyton (T) mentagrophytes and increasingly by anthropophilic fungi. T tonsurans was commonly related to the Tinea gladiatorum, where transmission occurred between infected persons or via contaminated floors. Objective Reporting the transmission of this highly contagious dermatophyte for the first time via beard shaving and hairdressing in barber shops in Germany. Patients and methods 18 young male patients developed tinea capitis and/or barbae shortly after shavings of the beard and/or hair in a barber shop. Native, cultural and molecular diagnostics as well as tissue biopsies and resistance tests were performed of skin and hair samples. Results In all samples, T tonsurans could be identified. The medical history and the clinical picture suggest a transmission through contaminated hairdressing tools. The patients were treated with terbinafine or itraconazole in combination with or exclusively with topical antimycotics. Conclusion The transmission and a resulting increase in the incidence of infections with T tonsurans may be due to shavings with direct skin contact of insufficiently disinfected hairdressing tools. This path of infection has already been observed in Africa and is now being described for the first time in Germany. Knowledge of the pathogen and its transmission ways are essential to interrupt the chain of infection.

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Tinea Gladiatorum and Dermatophyte Contamination Among Wrestlers and in Wrestling Halls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular epidemiology of Tinea gladiatorum in contact sports in northern Iran

Molecular epidemiology of Tinea gladiatorum in contact sports in northern Iran

Tinea corporis: an updated review

Tinea capitis et barbae caused by Trichophyton tonsurans: A retrospective cohort study of an infection chain after shavings in barber shops

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