Tinción cromógena: un problema habitual en la clínica pediátrica

Black stain and dental caries in Filipino schoolchildren

“…The data revealed that the prevalence of black stain in the whole group of Filipino schoolchildren was 16% (Table 1) and therefore higher than that recorded in Italian (6%) (5) and Spanish children (8%) (12). Only in Brazilian children, a comparable high prevalence of black stain (15%) has been reported (11).…”

“…There is no consensus in the literature concerning the prevalence of black stain among age groups (5, 11, 12), but the presence of black stain has been commonly associated with a low caries experience (5, 11). Neither the older studies nor the more recent ones have established whether the observed lower caries experiences in children with black stain is the result of fewer lesions on smooth surfaces, in fissures, or both.…”

Effect of bleaching agents on black tooth stains caused by chromogenic bacteria: 10 years follow-up case report

“…The presence of pigmentation from chromogenic bacteria is a relatively common in day-to-day practice finding. There is no consensus in the literature about its etiology and even epidemiology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], with their basic features remainining as a mystery [2]. In the same way, it is not established if these bacteria are responsible only for the pigmentation, or if they are influencing other outcomes when associated with pathologies (periodontal disease or caries) in the oral cavity [2,3,[5][6][7][8].…”

“…Black extrinsic tooth stains has been under the scope of clinical evidence in the current days, and could be associated with aesthetics issues and caries, being a concern for millions of children and adults [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Among the bacteria pigments, the black ones are the most studied and occur as a line or bands mainly on the lingual surface near the gingival margin.…”

“…These types of black stains can be continuous, localized or in dotted lines form, being strongly adhered, making its removal difficult by the use of a simple toothpaste and toothbrush, with a possible recurrence after its clearing [4][5]. Microscopically, they are characterized by a special biofilm, being its microbiota relatively stable and homogeneous, since it is composed by microorganisms of a same morphological type (approximately 90% positive cocci) and the presence of calcification markedly differing from the ultrastructural appearance of a normal biofilm [9]. the teeth was referred to Dental Clinic of the Military Police (São Paulo-Brazil).…”