Tin oxide for optoelectronic, photovoltaic and energy storage devices: a review

Abstract

Transparent conductors and charge transport layers play a key role in the design and fabrication of efficient renewable energy and electronic devices. Over the years, Indium tin oxide (ITO), is...

A Compact Electron Transport Layer Using a Heated Tin‐Oxide Colloidal Solution for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[18][19][20][21][22] Despite using the same colloidal solution, optimized deposition conditions reported in the literature, such as dilution conditions or film thicknesses, differ from lab to lab. [19,20,23,24] Although ultraviolet/ozone treatment renders the ITO surface hydrophilic and compatible with the high surface energy of the aqueous solution, it is still challenging to control the agglomeration of SnO 2 colloids when the solution dries to form a film. [20,21] Here, we show that heating the aqueous SnO 2 colloidal solution above 70 C changes the particle size distribution in solution from bimodal to unimodal, giving rise to compact SnO 2 layers with narrow gaps and fewer pinholes compared with films deposited from room temperature.…”

“…[ 18–22 ] Despite using the same colloidal solution, optimized deposition conditions reported in the literature, such as dilution conditions or film thicknesses, differ from lab to lab. [ 19,20,23,24 ] Although ultraviolet/ozone treatment renders the ITO surface hydrophilic and compatible with the high surface energy of the aqueous solution, it is still challenging to control the agglomeration of SnO 2 colloids when the solution dries to form a film. [ 20,21 ]…”

Impact of Ni doping on the structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of SnO2 thin films by spray pyrolysis technique

“…Metal oxide semiconductors received intense scientific attention due to their numerous potential technological applications [1]. The common and most important metal oxide thin films are zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), cadmium oxide (CdO), cadmium stannate (Cd 2 SnO 4 ) and tin oxide (SnO 2 ), etc.…”

“…Therefore, fabrication of SnO 2 thin films based smart electronic devices in the miniaturization size (micro/ nanoscale) is important. Further, it finds numerous technological applications for development of sustainable energy harvesting and storage devices such as transparent electrodes [10], transistors [11], microelectronics [12], protective coating [13], low-emissive windows [14], display devices [15], electrochromic devices [16], light-emitting diodes [17], gas sensors [18], Li-ion batteries (anode) [19], supercapacitors [20], photodetectors [21], solar cells (electron transport layer) [1], varistors [22], photocatalysts [23] and electrochemical water splitting [24].…”

“…Here, we describe some important literature based on functional properties like optoelectronic, solar cell, energy storage, and gas sensing applications. The Sb (2 wt.%) doped SnO 2 thin film anode materials have lower work function than commercially available ITO, thus leads to hole injection, as result it emits blue, green and red light, which is favourable to design the organic light-emitting diode [1]. The high solar cell power conversion efficiency (10.52%) was achieved using efficient molybdenum (1 mol.%) doped SnO 2 thin film by Bahadur et al [31].…”