Tin oxide-based gas sensors prepared by the sol–gel process

Trimodally porous SnO2 nanospheres with three-dimensional interconnectivity and size tunability: a one-pot synthetic route and potential application as an extremely sensitive ethanol detector

“…of ethanol is 316.5 at 400°C, which is one of the highest values ever reported in the literature for undoped SnO 2 -based gas sensors (Figure 4 and Supplementary Table S1). [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The 3M-SnO 2 -based sensor exhibits a high response (28.1) to even 0.25 p.p.m. of ethanol ( Figure 5).…”

Nanocrystalline indium oxide-doped tin oxide thin film as low temperature hydrogen sensor

“…It appears from the reported data [29,39,40,50,51] that the gas sensitivity of nanocrystalline SnO 2 thin film increases with decreasing film thickness [38]. However, below a critical film thickness of ∼110 nm, the gas sensitivity decreases with further decrease in the film thickness.…”

“…The combined literature data [22,29,[39][40][41][42][43][50][51][52] shows that, the maximum gas sensitivity is observed for the calcination temperature of 450 • C, below and above which, the gas sensitivity decreases [38]. The calcination treatment is generally applied to crystallize the as-deposited amorphous thin films, and to control the film density and the nanocrystallite size.…”

“…Using the literature data [22,29,[39][40][41][42][43][50][51][52], it is further demonstrated that [38], the maximum gas sensitivity of the nanocrystalline SnO 2 thin film sensor is observed at the operating temperature range of 320-350 • C, below and above which the gas sensitivity decreases. Within the lower operating temperature range of 100-320 • C, the desorption of water and adsorption of the oxygen ions (O 2 − and O − ions) dominates [12], which increases the film resistance as well as the gas sensitivity due to increased number of active surface sites (O 2 − and O − ions) for the chemical reaction with the reducing gases.…”

Microwave assisted synthesis of Sn(1−x)CoxO2 nanoparticles: effect of impurity phase formation on structural, optical and electrochemical properties

“…Various techniques like solvothermal [8], hydrothermal [9], sonochemical [10], sol-gel techniques [11], co-precipitation method [12] and gel combustion route [13] have been employed for synthesis of various SnO 2 nanostructures. In solution based synthesis route, the molecular level mixing of the starting materials produces high degree of homogeneity.…”