TiN Nanotube Arrays as Electrocatalytic Electrode for Solar Storable Rechargeable Battery

Yan, Nanfu; Li, Guo‐Ran; Pan, G. L.; Gao, Xueping

doi:10.1149/2.019211jes

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[ 717 ] Under illumination, the photons absorbed by the photovoltaic layer generated an electron-hole pair triggering a redox reaction at the shared electrode as well as in the electrolyte: 3I − / I 3− -WO 3 mobility. The cell delivered 1.8 C cm −2 in dark after being illuminated at 1000 W m −2 for 1 h. Other photorechargeable cells based on I − /I 3− redox-electrolytes have been explored making use of polypyrrole redox electrodes, [ 718 ] CNT-polyaniline composite electrodes, [ 719 ] symmetric activated carbon, [ 720,721 ] TiO 2 /poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polypyrrole polymeric storage electrodes, [ 722 ] poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), [ 723 ] and poly (3,3- [ 724 ] supercapacitor electrodes, interdigitated comb-like electrodes, [ 725 ] electrocatalytic mesh supported TiN nanotube arrays [ 726 ] as well as for the realization of LIB-solar cells power pack, [ 727 ] integrated energy wires, [ 274,728 ] as well as hybrid harvest-store-sense devices. [ 729 ] Clearly this technology has developed fast and provided valuable results.…”

Section: Hybrid Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

278

204

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all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...

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Section: Hybrid Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

278

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[ 47 ] One device using CNT showed a photoelectric conversion effi ciency of 6.1%, a specifi c capacitance of 48 F g −1 and a storage effi ciency of about 84%, with an entire photoelectric conversion and storage effi ciency of about 5.12%. [ 53 ] It is also possible to use WO 3 without CNT as monoclinic nanocrystalline (nc-WO 3 ) as well as surface oxidized tungsten oxide (so-WO 3-x ). This effect was presumably caused by chemical reactions of the CNT-PANI composite during the charge/discharge processes.…”

Section: Supercapacitor-dssc Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ti wire was modifi ed with TiO 2 nanotubes, whereas one part of the Ti wire was coated with a photoactive Ru dye (N719cis -diisothiocyanatobis (2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) bis (tetrabutylammonium)), and the other part was covered with electrolyte. [ 53 ] Copyright 2012, Electrochemical Society. [ 6 ] An improvement of these wire-shaped energy conversion and storage device was published in 2014 by the same group.…”

Section: Supercapacitor-dssc Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZnO nanowire η conversion = 0.02% [40] WO 3 coated CNT as electron storage electrode, TiN/Ti mesh as electrocatalytic electrode η conversion = 69.5% [52] Utilization of monoclinic nanocrystalline WO 3 and surface oxidized WO 3-x n/a [51] WO 3 and TiO 2 coated TCO electrode n/a [53] Polymeric charge storage electrode η conversion = 3.21% [54] Polypyrrole fi lm on ITO slide as charge storage electrode η conversion = 0.5 to 1% η storage = 22% [55] TiO 2 /PEDOT photoanode η = 0.1% [12] PProDOT-Et 2 as photoanode η conversion = 4.37% η storage = 0.6% [35,56] RFB LiI in propylene carbonate and Li 2 WO 4 /LiClO 4 in water as electrolytes n/a [61] Quinoxaline derivatives in water as electrolyte η conversion = 1.2% [62] LiI and bis (penta methyl cyclo penta di enyl) iron/LiClO 4 as electrolytes η conversion = 0.15% η storage > 0.6% [4] Lithium ion battery Ti/TiO 2 electrode η storage = 41% η = 0.82% [65] OPV Supercapacitor P3HT/PCBM as active material for the OPV device, CNT coated aluminum as charge storage electrode η conversion = 3.39% [3] Wire shaped device with P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT/PSS layers as solar cell device and CNT with PVA/H 3 PO 4 electrolyte η conversion = 1.01% η storage = 65.6% η = 0.82% [71] Lithium polymer battery Separated solar cell and battery devices η conversion = 1.85% [15] Lithium ion battery Wire shaped battery device, connected to BHJ solar cell η conversion = 5.49% [72] Battery effect Solar cell consists only of donor material (cationic cyanine dendrimer) n/a [73] Continued (9 of 11) 1500369 wileyonlinelibrary.com inorganic photo-rechargeable air battery was reported by Akuto and Sakurai. The authors constructed a battery with a catalytic cathode and a photoanode, which was made of a metal hydride, and the photo stable n-type semiconductor SrTiO 3 .…”

Section: Different Systems For Solar Rechargeable Battery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Photo‐Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage Systems

Schmidt

Hager

Schubert

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

166

131

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use of solar energy, e.g., solar collectors, and concentrated solar thermal systems, as well as solar cells. Due to increasing manufacturing capacities and lower costs, the installed capacities of solar cells has grown massively in recent years. In 2012, the capacity of installed solar cells rose over the level of 100 GW worldwide. [ 10 ] The major drawback of solar power is that electricity generation is directly coupled to the availability of the sun (e.g., day and night, weather). This dependence of solar energy does not comply with the actual energy demand and requires a solution. The key technology is the combination of solar cells and effective energy storage systems, e.g., batteries or supercapacitors, to create independent electrical energy sources. [ 8,[11][12][13][14][15] Usually, the generated photovoltaic energy is stored by external batteries (e.g., Li ion or nickel/metal hydride batteries), which are directly connected to the solar cells by wires. [ 13,16,17 ] As a consequence, the relatively long distance between both parts lowers the energy storage effi ciency. [ 13 ] One approach to avoid this problem is the integration of the photo conversion system and the energy storage part within one device, for an effective storage of the excess energy. [ 6,18 ] The stored energy can be released and used throughout the day, and at different places, even if the sun is not shining. [ 18,19 ] Different possibilities for storing large amounts of energy are available, e.g., pumped hydroelectric energy storage or compressed air energy storage as large-scale, centralized systems. [ 19 ] Moreover, photo generated electricity can be stored as chemical energy. The best known system for conversion and storage of solar energy as chemical energy is the photosynthesis of plants, algae and bacteria, in which organic material and oxygen are generated by water and carbon dioxide under sunlight illumination. [ 20 ] Water splitting represents an artifi cial way, [ 19,21 ] where hydrogen and oxygen are produced by utilization of photo catalysts [ 22 ] or semiconducting electrodes. [ 23 ] Photo-electrochemical energy can be effi ciently stored by using two vanadium based redox couples. [ 24 ] Other possibilities for storage of solar energy are molecular energy storage systems, where new chemical bonds are formed; phase change materials, where the energy is stored as thermal energy; as well as electrochemical storage systems. [ 20,25 ] Many types of electrochemical storage applications such as rechargeable batteries (e.g., lithium ion batteries, hightemperature sodium batteries, or lead acid batteries), organic radical batteries, redox fl ow batteries, as well as electrochemical supercapacitors are available. [ 4,19,26 ] A solar rechargeable battery uses the solar light to generate electric energy, which is directly stored by an integrated storage The global energy demand is increasing at the same time as fossil fuel resources are dwindling. Consequently, the search for alternative energy sources is a major topic worldwide. Sol...

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“…[2] However,u pt on ow,e lectrical energy-storage devices hybridized with photovoltaic cells exhibit low storage capacity, [2] which is inadequate for largescale solar-energy storage and long-term operation. Here we report an ew prototype of as olar-driven chargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery,i nw hicht he capture and storage of solar energy was realized by oxidizing S 2À ions to polysulfide ions in aqueous solution with aPt-modified CdS photocatalyst.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating a Photocatalyst into a Hybrid Lithium–Sulfur Battery for Direct Storage of Solar Energy

Wang

Tang

et al. 2015

Angewandte Chemie

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Direct capture and storage of abundant but intermittent solar energy in electrical energy-storage devices such as rechargeable lithium batteries is of great importance,and could provideapromising solution to the challenges of energy shortage and environment pollution. Here we report an ew prototype of as olar-driven chargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery,i nw hicht he capture and storage of solar energy was realized by oxidizing S 2À ions to polysulfide ions in aqueous solution with aPt-modified CdS photocatalyst. The battery can deliver as pecific capacity of 792 mAh g À1 during 2h photocharging process with ad ischarge potential of around 2.53 V versus Li + /Li. Aspecific capacity of 199 mAh g À1 ,reaching the level of conventional lithium-ion batteries,c an be achieved within 10 min photocharging.M oreover,t he charging process of the battery can proceed under natural sunlight irradiation.Solar energy as the largest renewable energy source is regarded as am ost promising candidate for addressing the challenges of fossil fuel shortage and environment pollution issues facing current society. [1] Thep rerequisite of enabling continuous utilization of solar energy is the effective storage and dispatching on demand to the end users in view of the intermittencyand low-energy density of solar light. Storage of solar energy in electrochemical devices such as rechargeable lithium batteries provides an attractive approach of reaching this purpose.C urrently,t he dominant route of storing solar energy in the form of electrical energy involves the conversion of solar energy to electricity in photovoltaic cells and subsequent storage of electricity in electrochemical energystorage devices such as supercapacitors and lithium batteries.To simplify the storage process of solar energy in the form of electricity,s ome early attempts have focused on the direct integration of photovoltaic cell and capacitor/battery into one device with the dual function of conversion and storage of solar energy to electricity. [2] However,u pt on ow,e lectrical energy-storage devices hybridized with photovoltaic cells exhibit low storage capacity, [2] which is inadequate for largescale solar-energy storage and long-term operation. Moreover, the use of embedded photovoltaic cells greatly increases the cost and also causes additional reliability issues.C onsequently,t he direct and massive storage of solar energy in electric energy-storage devices without using photovoltaic cells is highly desirable yet remains achallenge.Here,i nc ontrast to the past designing of using photovoltaic cells to realize solar-energy conversion in the device containing energy-storage component, we for the first time introduce Pt/CdS photocatalyst in an aqueous polysulfide cathode to realize the conversion and storage of solar energy in the Li-S battery,whose theoretical specific capacity is three to five times higher than that of conventional lithium-ion batteries. [3] During the photocharging process,t he S 2À ions produced in the discharging process are oxidized t...

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TiN Nanotube Arrays as Electrocatalytic Electrode for Solar Storable Rechargeable Battery

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Photo‐Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage Systems

Integrating a Photocatalyst into a Hybrid Lithium–Sulfur Battery for Direct Storage of Solar Energy

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