Tin (II) Chloride Catalyzed Esterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil:  Experimental and Kinetics Study

Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Handayani, Prima Astuti; Rochmadi, Rochmadi; Purwono, Suryo; Budiman, Arief

doi:10.14710/ijred.3.2.75-81

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The simulation of FFA esterification of mixed non-edible oil using RD column in the presence of tin (II) chloride catalyst was carried out using ASPEN PLUS V8.8. The parameters for steady-state simulation which were exhibited in Table I and Table II were established based on the previous experiment performed by Kusumaningtyas et al (2014). Feed compositions for inlet feed are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Steady-state Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steady-State and Dynamic Simulation Study of Reactive Distillation for FFA Esterification in Biodiesel Synthesis

Kusumaningtyas

Prasetiawan

Nugroho

et al. 2021

J. Rekayasa Kim. Lingkung.

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Reactive distillation (RD) holds promise for process intensification in biodiesel production since it integrates reaction and separation. It simplifies the process and enhances the conversion of the equilibrium limited reactions. To ensure the stability in RD operation, sensitivity study and process control simulation are necessary. In this work, RD was employed for free fatty acid (FFA) esterification of mixed non edible oils in biodiesel synthesis. Non edible oils used were waste cooking oil, crude jatropha oil, and crude nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L). Simulation was conducted using ASPEN Plus V8.8. Sensitivity study was carried out to determine the effects of the operating condition alteration. A dynamic simulation was performed as a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller tuning. It was revealed that the highest FFA conversion was 85%, achieved at the feed stage of 7, distillate rate of 0.22 kmol/hr, and oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:5. Level, pressure and temperature controls were installed in RD. Then, a dynamic simulation was applied as a PID controller tuning. Three different controller tuning methods, viz. Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon, and Internal Model Control, were studied. The best PID parameter was obtained by using Cohen-Coon method which provided fastest rise time, lowest settling time and lowest overshoot.

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Section: Steady-state Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…k 0i and E ai is the pre-exponential factor and activation energy for the kinetic reaction. The reaction rate constants and activation energy values are presented in Table 3, referring to the data obtained in our previous work (Kusumaningtyas et al, 2014).…”

Section: Steady-state Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-State and Dynamic Simulation Study of Reactive Distillation for FFA Esterification in Biodiesel Synthesis

Kusumaningtyas

Prasetiawan

Nugroho

et al. 2021

J. Rekayasa Kim. Lingkung.

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“…Figure 5 compared the FFA conversion resulted by reactive distillation and batch process for jatropha oil esterification employing 10% concentration of tin(II) chloride catalyst, which were conducted at 60 °C at various molar ratio of reactants. The experimental data of the batch process was taken from the literature [10]. It was revealed that performance of the reactive distillation process at this condition was constantly superior to that of the batch process.…”

Section: Comparison Between Reactive Distillation and Batch Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SnCl2 could be reused several times, with the same degree of activity. Considering those ad-vantages, tin(II) chloride catalyst was selected for improving the reaction rate of high FFA jatropha oil esterification in this work [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Tin(II) Chloride Catalyst for High FFA Jatropha Oil Esterification in Continuous Reactive Distillation Column

Kusumaningtyas¹,

Aji²,

Hadiyanto³

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The application of heterogeneous solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production has become popular and gained significant attention over the last few years. It is since these types of catalysts hold the benefits in terms of easy separation from the product, reusability of the catalyst, high selectivity of the reaction. They are also considered sustainable and powerful particularly in organic synthesis. This work studied the use of tin(II) chloride as solid Lewis acid catalyst to promote the esterification reaction of high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) jatropha oil in continuous reactive distillation column. To obtain the optimum condition, the influences of reaction time, molar ratio of the reactant, and catalyst were investigated. It was revealed that the optimum condition was achieved at the molar ratio of methanol to FFA at 1:60, catalyst concentration of 5%, and reaction temperature of 60°C with the reaction conversion of 90%. This result was significantly superior to the identical reaction performed using batch reactor. The esterification of high FFA jatropha oil using reactive distillation in the presence of tin(II) chloride provided higher conversion than that of Amberlyst-15 heterogeneous catalyst and was comparable to that of homogenous sulfuric acid catalyst, which showed 30 and 94.71% conversion, respectively. The esterification reaction of high FFA jatropha oil was subsequently followed by transesterification reaction for the completion of the biodiesel production. Transesterification was carried out at 60 °C, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 1:6, NaOH catalyst of 1%, and reaction time of one hour. The jatropha biodiesel product resulted from this two steps process could satisfy the ASTM and Indonesian biodiesel standard in terms of ester content (97.79 %), density, and viscosity.

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“…Marchetti et al (2007) studied esterification in frying oil using Dowex based basic resins reporting conversion of 80%. Work on tin (II) chloride catalysed FFA esterification in crude jatropha oil was reported by Kusumaningtyasa et al (2014) at 40-60 °C for 4 hours with Alc to oil ratio of 15:1 to 120:1 and 2.5 to 15% w/w of catalyst wrt to oil. Silica sulfuric acid (SSA) and Taguchi orthogonal array method was used by Shah et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinetics of the Esterification of Free Fatty Acids in Jatropha Oil using Glycerol based Solid Acid Catalyst

Rani

Neeharika

Vardhan

et al. 2020

EUROPEAN J SUSTAINAB DEV

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The studied work presents the kinetics of the esterification of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in jatropha oil with methanol (Alc) using glycerol based solid acid catalyst (SAC) at varying catalyst mass concentrations from 2.5 to 4.0 %, temperature 50-65 °C that is upto refluxing temperature and atmospheric pressure and Alc-FFA mole ratios ranging from 7.2:1 to 28.8:1 with respect to the FFA present in the oil matrix. The optimized esterification parameters were observed as 3.5% mass concentration of glycerol based SAC with 21.6:1, Alc-FFA mole ratio at temperature of 65 °C for a time period of 4 h which provided a conversion of about 97.03%. Based on the experimental results a second order kinetic model is proposed. The temperature influence on the rate of the reaction, Arrhenius constants and activation energies were evaluated. The reaction heat and energy of activation for the reaction were found to be 10.315 kcal/mol and 11.38 kcal/mol respectively.

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Tin (II) Chloride Catalyzed Esterification of High FFA Jatropha Oil: Experimental and Kinetics Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Steady-State and Dynamic Simulation Study of Reactive Distillation for FFA Esterification in Biodiesel Synthesis

Steady-State and Dynamic Simulation Study of Reactive Distillation for FFA Esterification in Biodiesel Synthesis

Application of Tin(II) Chloride Catalyst for High FFA Jatropha Oil Esterification in Continuous Reactive Distillation Column

The Kinetics of the Esterification of Free Fatty Acids in Jatropha Oil using Glycerol based Solid Acid Catalyst

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