Tin-grafted TiO2 with enhanced activity for photocatalytic hydrogen generation from aqueous methanol solutions

Mechanism of Laser-Induced Bulk and Surface Defect Generation in ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles: Effect on Photoelectrochemical Performance

“…We took the bandgap PL to be centered at 390 nm, in keeping with a recent report by Kunti et al 103 According to Strunk et al, self-trapped exciton (STE) and shallow-trap (ST) contributions are located at 406 and 456 nm, respectively. 32,102,103 We detected an additional green emission centered at 510 nm, which is close to values reported by Song and Gao. 104 As an example, 2D PL data and defect assignments of un-irradiated neat TiO 2 are shown in Figure 10.…”

“…99 Significant uncertainty would arise from a fit with seven convoluted Gaussians; therefore, we limited the number of unknowns in our fit routine to four main defect families (Table 2), analogous to published work. 32,[100][101][102] Reported defect-family energies varied. We took the bandgap PL to be centered at 390 nm, in keeping with a recent report by Kunti et al 103 .…”

“…Locations of TiO2 defects (surface or bulk) have been inferred from relative defect emission intensities in TiO2 whose surface was in contact with quenchers. 32,[100][101][102] The precise emission energies of individual defect sites, such as Ti or O interstitials or Ti or O vacancies, are unknown to date. But low-energy emissions, assigned to shallow traps, were reported to be sensitive to adsorbed species and, therefore, thought to be located near the TiO2 surface.…”

Nanostructure in energy conversion

“…This process provides a thermodynamic driving force for Sn 2 + surface segregation [353,354] . Tests of a doping of anatase TiO 2 with Sn 2 + [355] and Sn 4 + [356] restricted to the surface were successful to enhance photocatalytic activity in dye degradation and H 2 evolution, respectively, which has been attributed to the action of Sn 2 + as surface hole trap, while Sn 4 + acted as surface electron trap [355,356] .…”

Intensification of Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactions Without Efficiency Losses: The Importance of Surface Catalysis

“…More elegant methods are grafting and photodeposition as these are more selective in creating the desired photocatalyst-cocatalyst interface. Grafting has for instance been done with many transition metal ions such as Cu(II) or Fe(III), taking advantage of their extensive redox chemistry [66,[69][70][71][72][73][74]. These ions are just adsorbed on the host material's surface as isolated single ions, small clusters or even monolayers [73][74][75][76].…”