Tin filter compared to low kV protocols - optimizing sinonasal imaging in computed tomography

Abstract

Objectives Paranasal sinus imaging due to chronic inflammatory disease is one of the most common examinations in head and neck radiology with CT imaging considered the current gold standard. In this phantom study we analyzed different low dose CT protocols in terms of image quality, radiation exposure and subjective evaluation in order to establish an optimized scanning protocol. Methods In a phantom study, an Alderson phantom was scanned using 12 protocols between 70–120 kV and 25–200 mAs with and without tin filtration. For all datasets, iterative reconstruction was used. Data were objectively evaluated (image noise, (dose-weighted) contrast-to-noise ratio) and for subjective evaluation an online survey using a Likert scale was performed to reach a large group of clinically experienced reader (n = 62). The protocol was considered diagnostically insufficient if the median score was 4 and above and if more than 10% of raters scored 4 and above on the Likert scale. For an interreader agreement an ICC was calculated. To compare clinical value in relation to the applied dose and the objective image parameters, we calculated a figure of merit (FOM) and ranked the protocols accordingly. Results There was an overall moderate agreement between the 62 readers for the 12 examined CT protocols. In this phantom study, protocols with 100 kV with spectral shaping and 50–100 mAs obtained the best results for its combination of dose, image quality and clinical information value for diagnosing sinusitis (FOM 1st– 2nd place) with the 70 kV and 50 mAs as a good alternative as well (Sinusitis: FOM shared 2nd). For preoperative planning, where a higher dose is necessary, 100 kV with spectral shaping and 100 mAs achieved the overall best results (FOM 1st place) with 70 kV and 50 mAs ranking 4th. Conclusion 100-kV protocols with spectral shaping or low kV protocols (70 kV) with a similarly low dose showed the best figure of merit for imaging sinonasal disease and preoperative planning. With modern scanner technology available, spectral shaping or low KV protocols should be used for sinusitis imaging.

Ultra‐low dose CT scanning for PET/CT

“…The dose reduction in the present study appears to be larger than previously reported 42,43 . In a diagnostic study, Mozaffary et al.…”

“…The dose reduction in the present study appears to be larger than previously reported. 42,43 In a diagnostic study, Mozaffary et al evaluated the performance of a Sn filter-based CT (Sn150kV) compared with a routine low-dose CT (100 kV) and the standard protocol (120 kV) for the detection of urolithiasis, reporting a reduction of 28% and 66% in CTDIvol, respectively. 44 However, they elevated the applied kVp in the presence of the Sn filter compared with their routine protocol, whereas in the current study a reduced kVp compared with the routine protocol was employed.…”

Analysis of Variation of Tin Filter on Noise Values in CT Scan Mastoid Protocol Using CT Scan Single Source: Phantom Study

“…This tin filter has a selection variation according to the energy level used between Sn100, Sn110, Sn120, and Sn140; Sn indicates the use of tin filters. For example, Sn100, at 100 kV energy, uses tin filters as energy filters (Schüle et al, 2023 ).…”