Tin: an overlooked contact sensitizer?

Menné, Torkil; Andersen, Knud Erik; Kaaber, K; Osmundsen, P. E.; Andersen, Jan Rud; Yding, F.; Valeur, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02608.x

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is known to be an irritant to the skin . A few studies have reported allergic reactions to tin, but only Nielsen et al have reported a case of true allergic contact dermatitis. In other studies, the results were doubtful and inconclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by tin

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 15-year-old-boy presented to our clinic with a 10-week history of work-related dermatitis around the eyes, and on the forehead and arms, which had been present since he started an electronics apprentice. He was exposed to airborne dust containing tin while manipulating metals and soldering during the assembly of electrical wires. He previously had episodes of asthma, and has a familial history of atopy.Patch tests were performed with the European baseline series (Hermal, Reinbek, Germany), a preservatives series and a personal series that was customized to the patient's reported exposures, which included the following items: a piece of pure tin, pure copper, and copper sulfate diluted 1% in pet. Patch tests were also performed with tin chloride [concentrated 0.5% in pet. (1)] with IQ Ultra ® patch test chambers (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Vellinge, Sweden). Readings were performed on D2 and D4. On D2, readings were positive for pure tin (+++) and for tin chloride (++) (0.5% in pet.). On D4, readings were positive (+++) for both tin derivatives.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by tin

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The skin sensitization potential of these metal containing substances with metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium and tin are mediated by the metal ion itself rather than the ligand. Nickel is a very common contact allergen, as are cobalt and chromium and their compounds (Menné et al, 1987;Wahlberg, 2013;Yoshihisa & Shimizu, 2012). Tin has been less studied but has been shown to result in positive responses in patients (Menné et al, 1987;Wahlberg, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What determines skin sensitization potency: Myths, maybes and realities. The 500 molecular weight cut‐off: An updated analysis

Fitzpatrick

Roberts

Patlewicz

2016

J of Applied Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is widely accepted that substances must have a molecular weight (MW) < 500 to penetrate effectively through the skin to induce sensitization. Roberts et al. (2012. Contact Dermatitis 68: 32-41) evaluated a data set of 699 substances taken from the TIMES-SS expert system and identified that of the 13 substances with a MW > 500, five were sensitizers. This provided good evidence to refute such a MW 500 threshold. While Roberts et al. (2012) made a convincing case that the MW > 500 cut-off was not a true requirement for sensitization, the number of counter examples identified were too few to draw any statistical conclusions. This updated analysis systematically interrogated a large repository of sensitization information collected under the EU REACH regulation. A data set of 2904 substances that had been tested for skin sensitization, using guinea pigs and/or mice were collected. The data set contained 197 substances with a MW> 500; 33 of these were skin sensitizers. Metal containing complexes, reaction products and mixtures were excluded from further consideration. The final set of 14 sensitizers substantiated the original findings. The study also assessed whether the same reaction chemistry principles established for low MW sensitizers applied to chemicals with a MW > 500. The existing reaction chemistry considerations were found appropriate to rationalize the sensitization behaviour of the 14 sensitizers with a MW > 500. The existence of the MW 500 threshold, based on the widespread misconception that the ability to penetrate efficiently the stratum corneum is a key determinant of skin sensitization potential and potency, was refuted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

“…Tin chloride is a skin sensitizer according to the local lymph node assay (LLNA) (Basketter et al 1999). Positive patch test reactions to metallic tin were recorded in nickel-allergic individuals; the clinical relevance is however not known (Menné et al 1987;Lidén et al 2011). Tin chloride (1% and 0.5% in petrolatum) has occasionally been used for patch testing.…”

Section: Tinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Other Metals

Julander¹,

Lidén²

2018

Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several metals such as aluminum, beryllium, copper, gold, mercury, palladium, platinum, and rhodium are able to cause skin sensitization, allergic contact dermatitis, and other skin effects. Pure metals, alloys, and metal compounds have different abilities to cause sensitization and dermatitis. Furthermore many of the metals and their compounds are also known to cause systemic toxicity and cancer. The clinical relevance of patch test reactivity to some of these metals is not known. The prevalence of contact allergy in occupationally exposed groups, consumers, or dermatitis patients is also not known for all of these metals.

show abstract

Tin: an overlooked contact sensitizer?

Abstract: Patch tests with metallic tin in 73 nickel-sensitive patients revealed 6 positive allergic reactions. Only 4 doubtful reactions were seen, which makes irritancy unlikely. The relevance and clinical significance of the unexpected finding deserves further evaluation.

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by tin

Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by tin

What determines skin sensitization potency: Myths, maybes and realities. The 500 molecular weight cut‐off: An updated analysis

Some Other Metals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About