Timolol and Pediatric Glaucomas

McMahon, Charles D.; Hetherington, John; Hoskins, H. Dunbar; Shaffer, Robert N.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(81)35043-x

Cited by 47 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Until more is known about the possible systemic effects of topical timolol for IH, it is safest to screen patients routinely for the above conditions before prescribing this therapy. In the pediatric ophthalmology literature, including three reviews and two case reports between 1979 and 1984, of the 114 patients treated, there were nine adverse events attributed to systemic absorption of timolol solution (13–17). These reports included two cases of apnea in patients aged 2 weeks and 3 years old (13,14), an asthma attack in a 10‐year‐old, transient light‐headedness in two patients, temporary ‘dissociated behavior’ in one patient, symptomatic bradycardia in a 17‐year‐old (16), transient dizziness in one patient, and bradycardia with cyanosis in a 2‐week‐old infant while under anesthesia (15).…”

Section: Potential and Reported Adverse Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Timolol for Infantile Hemangiomas: Putting a Note of Caution in “Cautiously Optimistic”

McMahon

Oza

Frieden

2012

Pediatric Dermatology

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Section: Potential and Reported Adverse Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Timolol for Infantile Hemangiomas: Putting a Note of Caution in “Cautiously Optimistic”

McMahon

Oza

Frieden

2012

Pediatric Dermatology

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“…[21] In 38 eyes treated with timolol as adjunctive therapy, 37% of eyes were controlled at 22 mm Hg or less. [22] In 100 eyes with childhood glaucoma treated with Timolol, 31% experienced a reduction in IOP. [23] Timolol in 0.25% and 0.5% solutions may be used cautiously in young glaucoma patients.…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on congenital glaucoma

Mandal

Chakrabarti²

2011

Indian J Ophthalmol

111

121

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Congenital glaucoma is a global problem and poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the ophthalmologist. A detailed evaluation under general anesthesia is advisable to establish the diagnosis and plan for management. Medical therapy has a limited role and surgery remains the primary therapeutic modality. While goniotomy or trabeculotomy ab externo is valuable in the management of congenital glaucoma, primary combined trabeculotomy–trabeculectomy offers the best hope of success in advanced cases. Trabeculectomy with antifibrotic agent and glaucoma drainage devices has a role in the management of refractory cases, and cyclodestructive procedures should be reserved for patients where these procedures have failed. Early diagnosis, prompt therapeutic intervention and proper refractive correction are keys to success. Management of residual vision and visual rehabilitation should be an integral part of the management of children with low vision and lifelong follow-up is a must.

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“…They act by reducing the rate of aqueous production and contact tonometer that puffs air at the cornea momentarily to cause an effective reduction in IOP of between 20% and flatten it, requires a relatively still eye, and can startle children 25%. [6,[8][9][10][11] There are many preparations available, the most commaking measurement of the second eye more difficult; monly used include: timolol solution (0.25% and 0.5% twice daily Betagan ® ); and carteolol (1% and 2% twice daily, e.g. Teoptic ® ).…”

Section: Measurement Of Intraocular Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15,16] a thinner cornea than a normal one. [5,6] Therefore, measurements Local adverse effects of β-blocker eye drops in children (which of the corneal diameter, corneal thickness, axial length, and refracoccur in up to 7% of patients [9] ) include ocular stinging, burning, tive state of the eyes are required. The appearance of the optic disc pain, itching, erythema, dry eyes, allergic reactions including is essential in determining the extent of glaucoma.…”

Section: Measurement Of Intraocular Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologic Management of Glaucoma in Childhood

Moore

Nischal

2007

Pediatric Drugs

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An evidence-based review of the drugs available for the medical management of childhood glaucoma is presented; almost all of the drugs are not licensed for use in children. Despite this, most topical drugs are safe; however, there are some significant exceptions, such as brimonidine, which may cause apnea, among other life-threatening adverse events, in infants. Broad families of drugs are available including topical adrenoceptor antagonists, topical and systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, adrenoceptor agonists, parasympathomimetics, and combination preparations. These drugs help to reduce intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous production or increasing the outflow facility. The variety of anti-ocular hypertensive medications for childhood glaucoma has increased in recent years. The vast majority of data on these medications are from adult studies but each year more experience of their use in pediatric glaucoma is gained. In general, topical treatment is well tolerated; however, the prescribing clinician and carers should be aware of potential adverse effects and how they may present.

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Timolol and Pediatric Glaucomas

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Topical Timolol for Infantile Hemangiomas: Putting a Note of Caution in “Cautiously Optimistic”

Topical Timolol for Infantile Hemangiomas: Putting a Note of Caution in “Cautiously Optimistic”

Update on congenital glaucoma

Pharmacologic Management of Glaucoma in Childhood

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