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The essay deals with history of creation of the «Outlines of the history of Russian philosophy of the 50–60s» written by T.I. Rainov (1890–1958), a historian of natural science, literary scholar and a philosopher. The authors show specificity of T.I. Rainov’s methodology both against the background of the historiography of Russian philosophy and in the broader context of the historical-philosophical program proposed by the German classical idealism. It is indicated that the basis of the methodology of historical and philosophical works of the 19th – early 20th centuries, regardless of their national and scholarship, was the approach most clearly expressed in the Hegelian historical and philosophical concept. The essence of this research method involves either the complete elimination of the socio-psychological aspects of the history of thought, or it relates them to secondary, «background» elements of the historical development of philosophy. It is shown that T.I. Rainov’s essays on the history of Russian philosophy represent one of the first attempts to apply the idea of social conditioning of knowledge, anticipating the scientific program of modern sociology of scientific knowledge. It is revealed that the basis of the methodology of T.I. Rainov is the sociological doctrine of E. Durkheim, namely his concept of mechanical and organic solidarity, on the basis of which Rainov examines the social conditions that determined the specificity of the philosophy of the 1850-1860s shown by him. The comparison of Rainov’s interpretation of the philosophy of the period under consideration and similar approaches presented in the famous works of G.G. Shpeta, B.V. Yakovenko, E.L. Radlova and A.I. Vvedensky. An important part of the study is the reconstruction of T.I. Rainov before the revolution of 1917. On the basis of archival sources, the biographical context of the writing of the work is reconstructed and its dating is proposed. The study used the traditional tools of history and the history of philosophy: methods of archival search, historical reconstruction and hermeneutics of texts.
The essay deals with history of creation of the «Outlines of the history of Russian philosophy of the 50–60s» written by T.I. Rainov (1890–1958), a historian of natural science, literary scholar and a philosopher. The authors show specificity of T.I. Rainov’s methodology both against the background of the historiography of Russian philosophy and in the broader context of the historical-philosophical program proposed by the German classical idealism. It is indicated that the basis of the methodology of historical and philosophical works of the 19th – early 20th centuries, regardless of their national and scholarship, was the approach most clearly expressed in the Hegelian historical and philosophical concept. The essence of this research method involves either the complete elimination of the socio-psychological aspects of the history of thought, or it relates them to secondary, «background» elements of the historical development of philosophy. It is shown that T.I. Rainov’s essays on the history of Russian philosophy represent one of the first attempts to apply the idea of social conditioning of knowledge, anticipating the scientific program of modern sociology of scientific knowledge. It is revealed that the basis of the methodology of T.I. Rainov is the sociological doctrine of E. Durkheim, namely his concept of mechanical and organic solidarity, on the basis of which Rainov examines the social conditions that determined the specificity of the philosophy of the 1850-1860s shown by him. The comparison of Rainov’s interpretation of the philosophy of the period under consideration and similar approaches presented in the famous works of G.G. Shpeta, B.V. Yakovenko, E.L. Radlova and A.I. Vvedensky. An important part of the study is the reconstruction of T.I. Rainov before the revolution of 1917. On the basis of archival sources, the biographical context of the writing of the work is reconstructed and its dating is proposed. The study used the traditional tools of history and the history of philosophy: methods of archival search, historical reconstruction and hermeneutics of texts.
On the basis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the author considers the activity of the scientist-encyclopedist Timofey Ivanovich Rainov (1890, Kalchevo village, Akkerman district, Bessarabian province of the Russian Empire — 1958, Moscow), worked as visiting specialist-bibliographer of highest qualification in the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR in 1938—1941 and in 1948—1950. The paper shows that before Rainov was invited to the V.I. Lenin State Library, he passed a long way, gaining skills and competencies in the field of library science and bibliography. Unable to work freely in Soviet Russia as a philosopher and specialist in the psychology of creativity, T.I. Rainov, like other Russian intellectuals, was seeking ways to realize his research potential. In 1923, the scientist moved to Moscow, where the Library of the Socialist (Communist) Academy (later the Fundamental Library of Social Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, FBON) became his main place of work. Possessing encyclopedic knowledge and immense erudition, he took the place of leading bibliographer. T.I. Rainov changed several professions, but, remaining invariably a researcher of scientific ideas, he repeatedly returned to the field of book studies and bibliography and completed his service in this field at the FBON. The article examines the main life circumstances that led him to the V.I. Lenin State Library, and it was found that when concluding an employment contract with him, T.I. Rainov was obliged to provide consultations “on all branches of knowledge” to both employees and readers of the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR.The appendix presents the experience of compiling an article about the scientific bibliographer T.I. Rainov for the forthcoming reference book “Employees of the Russian State Library: Eminent Scientists and Workers in Culture”.
The relevance of the article is determined by its historiographical purpose – to show that a number of provisions of the concept of D. N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky were ahead of their time and developed thoroughly only in modern interdisciplinary areas of Linguistics. These provisions emphasized that artistic speech is a psychological activity of a person, which is influenced by socio–cultural factors via specific combinations with individual psychological factors in the personality of each creator. That is why the researcher strives to study the problems of artistic creativity as an integral system of "psychology of language, thought and creativity". This approach is based on the deep conviction that all elements of the human psyche are increasingly synthesized evolutionarily, and only this leads to the appearance of personality. The research is based on the material of the scientist’s articles and articles of a number of authors of "Issues of Theory and Psychology of Creativity" in 1907–1923.
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