Timing Validation of Automotive Software

Kastner, Daniel L.; Wilhelm, Reinhard; Heckmann, Reinhold; Schlickling, Marc; Pister, Markus; Jersak, Marek; Richter, Kai; Ferdinand, Christian

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88479-8_8

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Assuming a fully timing compositional architecture [21], like the ARM7, that does not exhibit any timing anomalies and with no DMA-capable devices, the above costs can be upper bounded by timing analysis tools.…”

Section: Task Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Selection of Preemption Points to Minimize Preemption Overhead

Bertogna

Xhani

Marinoni

et al. 2011

2011 23rd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems

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Abstract-A central issue for verifying the schedulability of hard realtime systems is the correct evaluation of task execution times. These values are significantly influenced by the preemption overhead, which mainly includes the cache related delays and the context switch times introduced by each preemption. Since such an overhead significantly depends on the particular point in the code where preemption takes place, this paper proposes a method for placing suitable preemption points in each task in order to maximize the chances of finding a schedulable solution.In a previous work, we presented a method for the optimal selection of preemption points under the restrictive assumption of a fixed preemption cost, identical for each preemption point. In this paper, we remove such an assumption, exploring a more realistic and complex scenario where the preemption cost varies throughout the task code. Instead of modeling the problem with an integer programming formulation, with exponential worst-case complexity, we derive an optimal algorithm that has a linear time and space complexity. This somewhat surprising result allows selecting the best preemption points even in complex scenarios with a large number of potential preemption locations. Experimental results are also presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in increasing the system schedulability.

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Section: Task Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Selection of Preemption Points to Minimize Preemption Overhead

Bertogna

Xhani

Marinoni

et al. 2011

2011 23rd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems

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“…The timing validation of automotive systems has been customarily based on the combination of dynamic measurements with a system-level timing model [8,43], often extended to capture CAN or network-based communication between ECUs [42]. Some works have also reported on industrial experience in applying static timing analysis to automotive software [27,32]. These works, however, focus on the timing characterization of traditional, arguably simple, automotive software, on relatively predictable hardware platforms.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Autonomous Driving Software: Problem Analysis and Prospects for Future Solutions

Alcon

Tabani

Kosmidis

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)

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The software used to implement advanced functionalities in critical domains (e.g. autonomous operation) impairs software timing. This is not only due to the complexity of the underlying high-performance hardware deployed to provide the required levels of computing performance, but also due to the complexity, non-deterministic nature, and huge input space of the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms used. In this paper, we focus on Apollo, an industrial-quality Autonomous Driving (AD) software framework: we statistically characterize its observed execution time variability and reason on the sources behind it. We discuss the main challenges and limitations in finding a satisfactory software timing analysis solution for Apollo and also show the main traits for the acceptability of statistical timing analysis techniques as a feasible path. While providing a consolidated solution for the software timing analysis of Apollo is a huge effort far beyond the scope of a single research paper, our work aims to set the basis for future and more elaborated techniques for the timing analysis of AD software.

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“…MAD was used in [15] to represent the feature of modern processor and the semantics of instructions and etc. XTC, designed based on XML, has been used as a sharing mechanism between aiT and SymTA /s [14]. aiT produces a visible XML-based output.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Xml-based Representation Of Timing Information For Wcet Analysis

Parsa

Sakhaei-nia

2014

J. Math. Computer Sci.

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The Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis is an important stage in development process and verification of hard real-time systems. In this article the use of XML as a standard for exchanging timing information amongst timing analysis tools is proposed. Timing information resulted from automatic analysis of programs can be represented in XML format. Considering the type of information required for estimating the worst case execution time of programs, a set of XML tags is offered in this paper. Timing information resulted from analyzing a program by a timing analysis tool could be annotated within the program. The annotated code could be simply applied by other tools for relatively more accurate estimation of the worst case execution times. The paper also clears the way for future studies on using XML-based representation for extraction of information.

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Timing Validation of Automotive Software

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Optimal Selection of Preemption Points to Minimize Preemption Overhead

Optimal Selection of Preemption Points to Minimize Preemption Overhead

Timing of Autonomous Driving Software: Problem Analysis and Prospects for Future Solutions

A Xml-based Representation Of Timing Information For Wcet Analysis

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