Timing the Eastern Asian–Eastern North American Floristic Disjunction: Molecular Clock Corroborates Paleontological Estimates

Xiang, Qiu-Yun Jenny; Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Manchester, Steven R.; Crawford, Daniel J.

doi:10.1006/mpev.2000.0766

Cited by 225 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The Bayesian Binary MCMC (BBM) analysis of ancestral area reconstruction identified Asia as the most likely ancestral range (Node III, marginal probability: 0.93; Figure A2), indicating a possible intercontinental plant migration from Asia to North America. Indeed, the BLB served as an important route for temperate floristic exchanges between Asia and North America from the Eocene to the early Pliocene [55,56]. Subsequently, as a member of the Tertiary relict flora [15], Croomia species on the two continents experienced disjunct distribution and evolved separately after the Late Miocene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic and Comparative Analyses of Complete Plastomes of Croomia and Stemona (Stemonaceae)

et al. 2018

IJMS

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The monocot genus Croomia (Stemonaceae) comprises three herbaceous perennial species that exhibit EA (Eastern Asian)–ENA (Eastern North American) disjunct distribution. However, due to the lack of effective genomic resources, its evolutionary history is still weakly resolved. In the present study, we conducted comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of three Croomia species and two Stemona species. These five cp genomes proved highly similar in overall size (154,407–155,261 bp), structure, gene order and content. All five cp genomes contained the same 114 unique genes consisting of 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. Gene content, gene order, AT content and IR/SC boundary structures were almost the same among the five Stemonaceae cp genomes, except that the Stemona cp genome was found to contain an inversion in cemA and petA. The lengths of five genomes varied due to contraction/expansion of the IR/SC borders. A/T mononucleotides were the richest Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). A total of 46, 48, 47, 61 and 60 repeats were identified in C. japonica, C. heterosepala, C. pauciflora, S. japonica and S. mairei, respectively. A comparison of pairwise sequence divergence values across all introns and intergenic spacers revealed that the ndhF–rpl32, psbM–trnD and trnS–trnG regions are the fastest-evolving regions. These regions are therefore likely to be the best choices for molecular evolutionary and systematic studies at low taxonomic levels in Stemonaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete cp genomes and 78 protein-coding genes strongly supported the monophyly of Croomia. Two Asian species were identified as sisters that likely diverged in the Early Pleistocene (1.62 Mya, 95% HPD: 1.125–2.251 Mya), whereas the divergence of C. pauciflora dated back to the Late Miocene (4.77 Mya, 95% HPD: 3.626–6.162 Mya). The availability of these cp genomes will provide valuable genetic resources for further population genetics and phylogeographic studies on Croomia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic and Comparative Analyses of Complete Plastomes of Croomia and Stemona (Stemonaceae)

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…The geographic distribution of Cornus is characterized by several intercontinental disjunctions which have been the subject of a number of studies and biogeographic analyses (e.g., Eyde, 1988; Xiang et al, 1996; Xiang et al, 2000; Xiang et al, 2005; Xiang et al, 2006; Xiang & Thomas, 2008; Manchester et al, 2009; Manchester, Xiang & Xiang, 2010). Previous analyses have cautiously (see Xiang & Thomas, 2008) concluded that Europe was either the ancestral area or the site of initial diversification of Cornus (Xiang et al, 1996; Xiang et al, 2005; Xiang & Thomas, 2008) because of the presence of Cenozoic fossils representing each sub-group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cretaceous origin of dogwoods: an anatomically preservedCornus(Cornaceae) fruit from the Campanian of Vancouver Island

Atkinson

Stockey

Rothwell

2016

PeerJ

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BackgroundCornaceae consists of 58 species, all within the genus Cornus. The Cenozoic record of Cornus is extensive and well documented. Molecular divergence-time studies suggest that crown-group Cornus may have originated by the Late Cretaceous. However, there has been no formal report of Cornus from Cretaceous deposits. Here, we characterize a permineralized fossil fruit assignable to Cornus subg. Cornus from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Shelter Point locality of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.MethodsSerial sections of the specimen were made using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Peels were mounted onto microscope slides and studied by light microscopy.ResultsThe fossil fruit consists of a tri-locular woody endocarp with dorsal germination valves. The locules are sub-triangular to ellipsoidal in transverse section and are separated by thin septa. Endocarp tissue consists of elongated and isodiametric sclereids and secretory cavities. Internal vascular tissue was not observed, but is interpreted to have been located along the outer periphery of the septa for some length, common in many cornalean taxa. There is one seed in each locule, one of which was found to have endosperm and a dicotyledonous embryo.DiscussionWoody endocarps with germination valves, without central vascular bundles, and with one seed per locule are characteristic of several families within the order Cornales. The interpreted vascular pattern and presence of secretory cavities indicates that the fossil fruit is assignable to Cornus subg. Cornus. Comparative analysis suggests that the fossil is most similar to Cornus piggae, a species described from the Paleocene of North Dakota. This fossil is the first evidence of crown-group Cornaceae from the Cretaceous and sheds light on both the plesiomorphic fruit characters and the timing of the initial diversification of the family and basal asterid lineage, Cornales.

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“…Both the Bering land bridge (BLB) [10,11] and the North Atlantic land bridge (NALB) [12,13] probably contributed to the floristic intercontinental exchanges to form the boreotropical flora. Paleontological and molecular data suggest that BLB was used mostly by temperate taxa during the late Miocene and Pliocene (<10 Ma [4,8,14]). NALB has been viewed as a crucial route for the spread of subtropical and tropical taxa in the early Tertiary [5,6,13,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Fossil and Molecular Data Reveal the Biogeographic Diversification of the Eastern Asian-Eastern North American Disjunct Hickory Genus (Carya Nutt.)

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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The hickory genus (Carya) contains ca. 17 species distributed in subtropical and tropical regions of eastern Asia and subtropical to temperate regions of eastern North America. Previously, the phylogenetic relationships between eastern Asian and eastern North American species of Carya were not fully confirmed even with an extensive sampling, biogeographic and diversification patterns had thus never been investigated in a phylogenetic context. We sampled 17 species of Carya and 15 species representing all other genera of the Juglandaceae as outgroups, with eight nuclear and plastid loci to reconstruct the phylogeny of Carya. The phylogenetic positions of seven extinct genera of the Juglandaceae were inferred using morphological characters and the molecular phylogeny as a backbone constraint. Divergence times within Carya were estimated with relaxed Bayesian dating. Biogeographic analyses were performed in DIVA and LAGRANGE. Diversification rates were inferred by LASER and APE packages. Our results support two major clades within Carya, corresponding to the lineages of eastern Asia and eastern North America. The split between the two disjunct clades is estimated to be 21.58 (95% HPD 11.07-35.51) Ma. Genus-level DIVA and LAGRANGE analyses incorporating both extant and extinct genera of the Juglandaceae suggested that Carya originated in North America, and migrated to Eurasia during the early Tertiary via the North Atlantic land bridge. Fragmentation of the distribution caused by global cooling in the late Tertiary resulted in the current disjunction. The diversification rate of hickories in eastern North America appeared to be higher than that in eastern Asia, which is ascribed to greater ecological opportunities, key morphological innovations, and polyploidy.

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Timing the Eastern Asian–Eastern North American Floristic Disjunction: Molecular Clock Corroborates Paleontological Estimates

Cited by 225 publications

References 63 publications

Phylogenomic and Comparative Analyses of Complete Plastomes of Croomia and Stemona (Stemonaceae)

Phylogenomic and Comparative Analyses of Complete Plastomes of Croomia and Stemona (Stemonaceae)

Cretaceous origin of dogwoods: an anatomically preservedCornus(Cornaceae) fruit from the Campanian of Vancouver Island

Integrated Fossil and Molecular Data Reveal the Biogeographic Diversification of the Eastern Asian-Eastern North American Disjunct Hickory Genus (Carya Nutt.)

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