Timing the arrival at 2340 m altitude for aerobic performance

Schuler, Beat; Thomsen, J.; Gassmann, Max; Lundby, Carsten

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00611.x

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…Exercise tests were not performed in that study. Investigations in 8 elite cyclists at sea level and after 1 day of exposure to 2,340 m revealed a decrease in W max by 14%, in V′O 2 max by 13%, and in maximal cycling endurance by 26% at a constant load of 80% of the sea level W max [25]. Similar data on the physiologic effects of altitude on COPD patients have not been available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Exercise Performance of Lowlanders with COPD at 2,590 m: Data from a Randomized Trial

et al. 2018

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Background: Effects of hypobaric hypoxia at altitude on exercise performance of lowlanders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not been studied in detail. Objectives: To quantify changes in exercise performance and associated physiologic responses in lowlanders with COPD travelling to moderate altitude. Methods: A total of 31 COPD patients with a median age (quartiles) of 66 years (59; 69) and FEV₁ of 56% predicted (49; 69) living below 800 m performed a constant-load bicycle exercise to exhaustion at 60% of the maximal work rate at 490 m (Zurich) and at an identical work rate at 2,590 m (Davos) in randomized order. Pulmonary gas exchange, pulse oximetry (SpO₂), cerebral tissue oxygenation (CTO; near-infrared spectroscopy), and middle cerebral artery peak blood flow velocity (MCAv) by Doppler ultrasound during 30 s at end exercise were compared between altitudes. Results: With ascent from 490 to 2,590 m, the median endurance time (quartiles) was reduced from 500 s (256; 795) to 205 s (139; 297) by a median (95% CI) of 303 s (150–420) (p < 0.001). End exercise SpO₂ decreased from 92% (89; 94) to 81% (77; 84) and CTO from 62% (56; 66) to 55% (50; 60); end exercise minute ventilation increased from 40.6 L/min (35.5; 47.8) to 47.2 L/min (39.6; 58.7) (p < 0.05; all comparisons 2,590 vs. 490 m). MCAv increased similarly from rest to end exercise at 490 m (+25% [17; 36]) and at 2,590 m (+21% [14; 30]). However, the ratio of MCAv increase to SpO₂ drop during exercise decreased from +6%/% (3; 12) at 490 m to +3%/% (2; 5) at 2,590 m (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In lowlanders with COPD travelling to 2,590 m, exercise endurance is reduced by more than half compared to 490 m in association with reductions in systemic and cerebral oxygen availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Exercise Performance of Lowlanders with COPD at 2,590 m: Data from a Randomized Trial

et al. 2018

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“…It appears plausible that this detrimental effect of moderate altitude could be counterbalanced by measures that enhance CaO 2 . Indeed, LHTL has previously been reported to not only normalize but also evenly enhance CaO 2 at an altitude of 2,340 m so that VO 2 max was partially recovered (55). However, the study was conducted without a control/placebo group, and it thus remains unclear whether the LHTL intervention was superior to conventional training at low altitude.…”

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confidence: 99%

“Live high–train low” using normobaric hypoxia: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

Siebenmann

Robach²,

Jacobs

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

135

110

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Siebenmann C, Robach P, Jacobs RA, Rasmussen P, Nordsborg N, Diaz V, Christ A, Olsen NV, Maggiorini M, Lundby C. "Live high-train low" using normobaric hypoxia: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. J Appl Physiol 112: 106 -117, 2012. First published October 27, 2011 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00388.2011The combination of living at altitude and training near sea level [live high-train low (LHTL)] may improve performance of endurance athletes. However, to date, no study can rule out a potential placebo effect as at least part of the explanation, especially for performance measures. With the use of a placebo-controlled, double-blinded design, we tested the hypothesis that LHTL-related improvements in endurance performance are mediated through physiological mechanisms and not through a placebo effect. Sixteen endurance cyclists trained for 8 wk at low altitude (Ͻ1,200 m). After a 2-wk lead-in period, athletes spent 16 h/day for the following 4 wk in rooms flushed with either normal air (placebo group, n ϭ 6) or normobaric hypoxia, corresponding to an altitude of 3,000 m (LHTL group, n ϭ 10). Physiological investigations were performed twice during the lead-in period, after 3 and 4 wk during the LHTL intervention, and again, 1 and 2 wk after the LHTL intervention. Questionnaires revealed that subjects were unaware of group classification. Weekly training effort was similar between groups. Hb mass, maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2) in normoxia, and at a simulated altitude of 2,500 m and mean power output in a simulated, 26.15-km time trial remained unchanged in both groups throughout the study. Exercise economy (i.e., VO 2 measured at 200 W) did not change during the LHTL intervention and was never significantly different between groups. In conclusion, 4 wk of LHTL, using 16 h/day of normobaric hypoxia, did not improve endurance performance or any of the measured, associated physiological variables.altitude; LHTL; performance; training OVER THE PAST FIVE DECADES, endurance athletes have attempted to improve sea-level performance by means of altitude training. In the early 1990s, Levine and Stray-Gundersen (36) introduced the "live high-train low" (LHTL) strategy, where athletes reside and spend the majority of the day at moderate altitude while training closer to sea level. This paradigm aims for athletes to benefit from physiological adaptation to hypoxia, while avoiding the detrimental impact of hypoxia on high-intensity endurance training. After an initial study had provided results indicating that LHTL enhances aerobic performance in competitive runners (34), a bulk of follow-up studies confirmed these benefits across a variety of endurance disciplines (7,50,57,59). None of them, however, used a double-blinded design, and thus it cannot be ruled out that the observed effects, especially on performance measures, were, at least in part, mediated by a placebo effect (11, 56). Our main aim with this study was therefore to investigate the effect of LHTL in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.A further aim was t...

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“…Prolonged exposure to hypoxia is known to recover some of this impairment (29,52); however, SL performance is never matched at altitude. Our current findings indicate that the acclimatization-induced partial recovery of endurance performance occurs independent of any improvement of peripheral locomotor muscle fatigue from AH to CH.…”

Section: Implications Of Findings For Performance-related Questions Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 410 present study, transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was used to measure the MCAv, as an index 411 of global CBF changes during initial exposure, acclimatisation and subsequent re-exposure to 412 5,260 m. This is based on the assumption that: i) the MCA carries approximately upwards of 80% 413 of the overall blood flow to the respective hemisphere (29); ii) changes in MCAv reflect changes in 414 global CBF (8,52); iii) the changes in MCAv in response to PaCO 2 changes are comparable to the 415 changes of internal carotid blood flow (50); and iii) the diameter of the MCA does not change 416 18 during the observed changes in arterial blood gases (52). In support, MCAv has been shown to 417 reflect changes in CBF assessed with the direct Fick method, at least during initial exposure to high 418 altitude (33,35,48).…”

Section: Competing Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AltitudeOmics: The Basic Biology of Human Acclimatization to High Altitude

Roach¹

2013

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE Sept 20132. REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED 1 JAN 2011 -30 JUN 2013 TITLE AND SUBTITLEAltitudeOmics: The Basic Biology of Human Acclimatization to High Altitude 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER:5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER AUTHOR(S)Roach, Robert, PhD 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERRegents of the University of Colorado 13001 E. 17 th Place, building 500, W1126 Aurora, CO 80045-25-5 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5012 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTFor the last 12 months we have been working on data analysis and manuscript preparation. The first 6 papers from this study have been published, and another 6 are in preparation. The overview physiology paper was accepted last week at PLOS ONE, and the others have been accepted in major physiology journals. The next batch of papers will be from the OMICS portion of the study. We hired a new bioinformatics postdoc in October, and he has hit the ground running with comprehensive analyses of the OMICS dataset. The gene expression paper will be complete in another 3-4 weeks, and shortly after that the metabolomics and epigenetics data will be ready for publication. By the end of 2014 all major papers form the study will have been published. So far the project is from our perspective a complete success with identification of new physiological aspects of acclimatization, and first-ever insights into the underlying OMICS mechanisms. We are now looking for one additional year of funding to explore new analyses and integration that is possible because of the high quality of this dataset, and that could lead to even more comprehensive, "big picture" views of the process of human acclimatization to hypoxia at high altitude. SUBJECT TERMS INTRODUCTION:The goal of this project is to advance high-altitude medical research by discove...

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Timing the arrival at 2340 m altitude for aerobic performance

Cited by 74 publications

References 37 publications

Exercise Performance of Lowlanders with COPD at 2,590 m: Data from a Randomized Trial

Exercise Performance of Lowlanders with COPD at 2,590 m: Data from a Randomized Trial

“Live high–train low” using normobaric hypoxia: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

AltitudeOmics: The Basic Biology of Human Acclimatization to High Altitude

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