Timing, tectonic implications and genesis of gold mineralization in the Xincheng gold deposit, China: C–H–O isotopes, pyrite Rb–Sr and zircon fission track thermochronometry

Wang, Changming; Deng, Jun; Santosh, M.; Carranza, Emmanuel John M.; Gong, Qingjie; Chunying, Guo; Xia, Rui; Lai, Xiangru

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.04.022

Cited by 62 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…2.9-1.9 Ga; Jahn et al, 2008;Deng et al, 2011) during an anomalous lithospheric delamination event in which the Archean-Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement of the North China block was intruded by multiple pulses of Mesozoic granitic magmas. Although some of the major gold deposits, including the Jiaojia-Xincheng camp, were once considered to be hosted by Guojialing-type granites (Qiu et al, 2002;Li et al, 2003), many of the major proven large and super-large gold deposits, including Xincheng, were alternatively believed to be hosted by Linglong-type granites (Qiu et al, 2002;Deng et al, 2003;Yang et al, 2007;C.M. Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Gold and Pyrite at the Xincheng Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Implications for Gold Source and Deposition in a Brittle Epizonal Environment

et al. 2016

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The Xincheng gold deposit, hosted by the Early Cretaceous 132 to 123 Ma Guojialing-type granitoids in northwest Jiaodong Peninsula, southeast North China craton, formed about 2 billion years later than regional metamorphism of the Archean Jiaodong basement rocks. The Xincheng deposit comprises mineralized zones with three types of hydrothermal pyrite associated with gold, tellurides, and a variety of sulfides: py1 as disseminated euhedral to subhedral grains in altered granitoids around quartz veins; py2 as subhedral grains with brittle cataclastic textures and fractures in quartz-pyrite veins; and py3 as subhedral, partially corroded crystals in sulfide-rich veins or veinlets. All three generations of pyrite are unzoned and have low trace element contents, including very low lattice-bound gold contents: (py1: 0.180 ppm; py2: 0.053 ppm; py3: 0.060 ppm). Given that there is 10 to 15% pyrite in the ore zone at Xincheng, its very low gold content indicates that it contributes <0.2% of gold to the 7.75 g/t gold in the orebody. Instead, over 99% of the gold is present as discrete electrum and/or gold (total range 0.02-59% silver) grains, which are largely sited in fractures at all scales in pyrite, other ore minerals, and quartz. Importantly, visible gold in py3 is also sited on solution-corroded pyrite grains. The pyrite textural and geochemical data indicate that it is impossible to derive the high gold-grade orebodies through local remobilization of originally lattice-bound gold in pyrite. Instead, the gold is interpreted to have been deposited through sulfidation reactions and phase separation of a H2O-CO2 ore fluid during progressive brittle cataclastic deformation associated with seismic activity and regional sinistral transtensional shear movement. This concomitant fluid infiltration and deformation caused episodic deposition and fracturing and corrosion of earlier formed pyrite and deposited visible gold in dilational cracks. The coupled development of the transtensional, rather than normal transpressional setting, and precipitation of gold within dilational veins and wall-rock alteration facilitated the deposition of visible gold and an exceptionally high gold tenor. All deposit characteristics indicate that the Xincheng gold deposit is a member of the epizonal orogenic deposit class.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Gold and Pyrite at the Xincheng Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Implications for Gold Source and Deposition in a Brittle Epizonal Environment

et al. 2016

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“…Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry studies can also provide information regarding the sources of ore‐forming materials (Zhao and Jiang, ). Likewise, sulphur and strontium isotopes can be used to trace the sources of S, Ca, Sr, and Ba in metallogenic systems effectively (Ruiz and Kesler, ; Barbieri and Bellanca, ; Hoefs, ; Jiang et al , ; Chen et al , , ; Zhu et al , ; Li et al , ; Wang et al , ; ). Nevertheless, the use of only single‐isotope data may yield incomplete conclusions, and it may even result in contradictory conclusions (Dejonghe et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The source of Fengjia and Langxi barite–fluorite deposits in southeastern Sichuan, China: evidence from rare earth elements and S, Sr, and Sm–Nd isotopic data

et al. 2016

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The barite-fluorite metallogenic belt in southeastern Sichuan is one of the most important barite-fluorite ore-concentrated areas in China. In order to find the ore-forming source and the mineralization age of the Fengjia and Langxi barite-fluorite deposit, we systematically evaluated the rare earth element (REE) contents and isotopic characteristics of S, Sr, and Sm-Nd. The results show that the δ34S values of barites and pyrites are high and similar to S isotopic values of gypsum in the Cambrian Qingxudong Formation (∈ 1 q), suggesting that the sulphur source was from Cambrian evaporite strata. The initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of fluorites and barites range from 0.708800 to 0.712999, and these values are similar to Cambrian carbonate rocks and Lower Ordovician limestone. Except for black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, the Ba content of other strata was generally low. The REE characteristics of barite and fluorite have close relationships, in regard to the source of ore-forming materials, to the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation black shales. Hence, we have concluded that the Cambrian carbonate rocks and Lower Ordovician limestone provide the source of calcium for mineralization and that the source of barium comes from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation black shales. The fluorine contents of the Upper Sinian Doushantuo Formation and the Lower Cambrian Mingxinshi Formation are much higher than other strata, and these formations could provide the source for fluorine. The Sm-Nd isochron age of fluorites is 104 ± 11 Ma, which demonstrates that the mineralization mainly occurred during the late Yanshanian.

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“…The NCC is one of the earth's oldest cratons and contains crustal rocks as old as 3.8 Ga (Zhao and Zhai, 2013). The NCC comprises the Western and Eastern Blocks separated by the Trans-North China Orogen (Wang et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016b) (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous intermediate-felsic dikes in the Jiaodong Peninsula, south-eastern North China Craton: Constraints from geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes

et al. 2018

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Early Cretaceous dike swarms are widely developed in the Jiaodong Peninsula, NE China. In this study, we newly investigated the spatial-temporal distribution, petrography, geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry of the intermediate-felsic dikes from the Jiaobei terrain and the Sulu orogenic belt in the Jiadong Peninsula. The zircon U-Pb dating has constrained the timing of the emplacement of intermediate-felsic dikes to 128-108 Ma. The quartz diorite dikes in Jiaobei show adakitic geochemical features, including high SiO 2 (66.3-67.5 wt.%) contents and high Sr/Y (76-149) and La/Yb (41-91) ratios. The combination of a series of isotopic data, including initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.7098-0.7104) and negative ε Nd (t) (-20.1 to-14.7) and zircon ε Hf (t) values (-19.9 to-9.5), indicates that these quartz diorite dikes were likely derived from partial melting of thickened ancient lower crust with involvement of underplated mafic magmas. Additionally, the diorite dikes in Jiaobei and those in Sulu show similar chemical compositions, as both yield the high-Mg andesite (or andesitic rocks) (HMAs) characteristics with a high Mg # value (60-72), high MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, and low Na 2 O (average = 3.25 wt.%) contents. They also exhibit crustal geochemical signatures, such as depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti, but enrichment in Th and U; high initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.7063-0.7094), and low ε Nd (t) (-16.7 to-9.6) and ε Hf (t) values (-29.4 to-9.8). The entire geochemical evidences imply that they derived from the partial melting of mantle wedge peridotite metasomatized by hydrous fluids from the subduction of the oceanic slab with marine sediments. In combination with the Early Cretaceous intrusions and mafic dikes at Jiaodong, the intermediate-felsic dikes represent a magmatic response to lithospheric thinning resulted from the prolonged thermo-mechanical-chemical erosion processes caused

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Timing, tectonic implications and genesis of gold mineralization in the Xincheng gold deposit, China: C–H–O isotopes, pyrite Rb–Sr and zircon fission track thermochronometry

Cited by 62 publications

References 79 publications

Relationships Between Gold and Pyrite at the Xincheng Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Implications for Gold Source and Deposition in a Brittle Epizonal Environment

Relationships Between Gold and Pyrite at the Xincheng Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, China: Implications for Gold Source and Deposition in a Brittle Epizonal Environment

The source of Fengjia and Langxi barite–fluorite deposits in southeastern Sichuan, China: evidence from rare earth elements and S, Sr, and Sm–Nd isotopic data

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous intermediate-felsic dikes in the Jiaodong Peninsula, south-eastern North China Craton: Constraints from geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes

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