Timing of the reticular lamina and basilar membrane vibration in living gerbil cochleae

He, Wenxuan; Kemp, David T.; Ren, Tianying

doi:10.7554/elife.37625

Cited by 70 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…In turn 1, the compressive cochlear gain of OoC presented in a broader region more than a half octave below the BF at moderate stimuli intensities and more than one octave at high sound pressure level, i.e., 70 -80 dB SPL. This finding was consistent with the new data found in the mouse and gerbil reticular lamina and the BM vibrations (Cooper et al 2018;He et al 2018;Lee et al 2016;Ren et al 2016). This was likely because our measurements came from within the OoC near the top of the OHCs, the reticular lamina.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This nonlinear cochlear gain between 40 and 80 dB SPL was~23 dB at the BF. However, nonlinear gain was also found at frequencies down to 5 kHz with higher intensities, i.e., 70 -80 dB SPL, which was consistent with observations at the reticular lamina in the mouse and gerbil (Cooper et al 2018;He et al 2018;Lee et al 2016;Ren et al 2016). Finally, the phase demonstrated progressive lags with increasing frequency, which is consistent with traveling wave propagation.…”

Section: Abr Thresholds Remain Stable In This Animal Preparationsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In general, the mechanical characteristics within the OoC have been shown to be similar to those measured from the transverse direction at the BM in that responses increased with stimuli intensities in a compressive manner, the degree of cochlear gain was similar, and phases accumulated with increasing frequencies, confirming the propagation of traveling waves. However, there are some differences between responses of the OoC and the BM, i.e., responses of the OoC showed greater amplitude, broader tuning, and the existence of nonlinearity at high SPL (Cooper et al 2018;He et al 2018;Ren et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, these measurements are closer to the reticular lamina than to the BM. Previous studies have demonstrated that these two structures have subtle differences in their vibratory patterns (Cooper et al 2018;He et al 2018;Lee et al 2016;Ren et al 2016).…”

Section: Abr Thresholds Remain Stable In This Animal Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organ of Corti vibration within the intact gerbil cochlea measured by volumetric optical coherence tomography and vibrometry

Dong

Xia

Raphael

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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There is indirect evidence that the mammalian cochlea in the low-frequency apical and the more commonly studied high-frequency basal regions function in fundamentally different ways. Here, we directly tested this hypothesis by measuring sound-induced vibrations of the organ of Corti (OoC) at three turns of the gerbil cochlea using volumetric optical coherence tomography vibrometry (VOCTV), an approach that permits noninvasive imaging through the bone. In the apical turn, there was little frequency selectivity, and the displacement-vs.-frequency curves had low-pass filter characteristics with a corner frequency of ~0.5–0.9 kHz. The vibratory magnitudes increased compressively with increasing stimulus intensity at all frequencies. In the middle turn, responses were similar except for a slight peak in the response at ~2.5 kHz. The gain was ~50 dB at the peak and 30–40 dB at lower frequencies. In the basal turn, responses were sharply tuned and compressively nonlinear, consistent with observations in the literature. These data demonstrated that there is a transition of the mechanical response of the OoC along the length of the cochlea such that frequency tuning is sharper in the base than in the apex. Because the responses are fundamentally different, it is not appropriate to simply frequency shift vibratory data measured at one cochlear location to predict the cochlear responses at other locations. Furthermore, this means that the number of hair cells stimulated by sound is larger for low-frequency stimuli and smaller for high-frequency stimuli for the same intensity level. Thus the mechanisms of central processing of sounds must vary with frequency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A volumetric optical coherence tomography and vibrometry system was used to probe cochlear mechanics within the intact gerbil cochlea. We found a gradual transition of the mechanical response of the organ of Corti along the length of the cochlea such that tuning at the base is dramatically sharper than that at the apex. These data help to explain discrepancies in the literature regarding how the cochlea processes low-frequency sounds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Abr Thresholds Remain Stable In This Animal Preparationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Abr Thresholds Remain Stable In This Animal Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Organ of Corti vibration within the intact gerbil cochlea measured by volumetric optical coherence tomography and vibrometry

Dong

Xia

Raphael

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The membrane model confirms the main predictions of the 1D model: A single mode of vibration of organ of Corti can be supported up to about 10 kHz but to cover the entire auditory range cannot be supported without multiple modes of motion in the cochlear partition [13]. This prediction appears consistent with recent observations with optical techniques in that the organ of Corti shows multiple modes of motion [44][45][46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Kinetic Membrane Model of Outer Hair Cells

Iwasa¹

2020

Preprint

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The effectiveness of outer hair cells (OHCs) in amplifying the motion of the organ of Corti, and thereby contributing to the sensitivity of mammalian hearing, depends on the mechanical power output of these cells. Electromechanical coupling in OHCs, which enables these cells to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, has been analyzed in detail using isolated cells using primarily static membrane models. In the preceding reports, mechanical output of OHC was evaluated by developing a kinetic theory based on a simplified onedimensional (1D) model for OHCs. Here such a kinetic description of OHCs is extended by using the membrane model, which has been used for analyzing in vitro experiments. The present theory predicts, for systems without inertial load, that elastic load enhances positive shift of voltage dependence of the membrane capacitance due to turgor pressure. For systems with inertia, mechanical power output also depends on turgor pressure. The maximal power output is, however, similar to the previous prediction of up to ∼10 fW based on the 1D model.Statement of SignificanceThis paper is an attempt for developing a physical model to clarify the mechanism of outer hair cells in performing their role as an amplifier in mammalian hearing. Specifically, this paper extends a static model of these cells into a dynamic one to evaluate mechanical power production, which is essential for the function of these cells. It clarifies the assumptions essential for a previous phenomenological theory, a 1-D model. In addition, it describes the effect of turgor pressure on mechanical power generation.

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Characterisation of the static offset in the travelling wave in the cochlear basal turn

Ôta

Nin

Choi

et al. 2020

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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In mammals, audition is triggered by travelling waves that are evoked by acoustic stimuli in the cochlear partition, a structure containing sensory hair cells and a basilar membrane. When the cochlea is stimulated by a pure tone of low frequency, a static offset occurs in the vibration in the apical turn. In the high-frequency region at the cochlear base, multi-tone stimuli induce a quadratic distortion product in the vibrations that suggests the presence of an offset. However, vibrations below 100 Hz, including a static offset, have not been directly measured there. We therefore constructed an interferometer for detecting motion at low frequencies including 0 Hz. We applied the interferometer to record vibrations from the cochlear base of guinea pigs in response to pure tones. When the animals were exposed to sound at an intensity of 70 dB or higher, we recorded a static offset of the sinusoidally vibrating cochlear partition by more than 1 nm towards the scala vestibuli. The offset's magnitude grew monotonically as the stimuli intensified. When stimulus frequency was varied, the response peaked around the best frequency, the frequency that maximised the vibration amplitude at threshold sound pressure. These characteristics are consistent with those found in the low-frequency region and are therefore likely common across the cochlea. The offset diminished markedly when the somatic motility of mechanosensitive outer hair cells, the force-generating machinery that amplifies the sinusoidal vibrations, was pharmacologically blocked. Therefore, the partition offset appears to be linked to the electromotile contraction of outer hair cells.

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Timing of the reticular lamina and basilar membrane vibration in living gerbil cochleae

Cited by 70 publications

References 69 publications

Organ of Corti vibration within the intact gerbil cochlea measured by volumetric optical coherence tomography and vibrometry

Organ of Corti vibration within the intact gerbil cochlea measured by volumetric optical coherence tomography and vibrometry

Kinetic Membrane Model of Outer Hair Cells

Characterisation of the static offset in the travelling wave in the cochlear basal turn

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