Timing of solid food introduction and association with later childhood overweight and obesity: The IDEFICS study

Παπούτσου, Στάλω; Savva, Savvas C.; Hunsberger, Monica; Jilani, Hannah; Michels, Nathalie; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Tornaritis, Michael; Veidebaum, Toomas; Molnár, Denés; Siani, Alfonso; Moreno, Luís A.; Hadjigeorgiou, C

doi:10.1111/mcn.12471

Cited by 67 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our marginal association between late age at SF introduction and obesity at age 5 is in accord with other studies . Specifically, in a small sample ( n = 54) of children enrolled in a prospective cohort study within 1 week of birth, delaying SF introduction to later than 5 months was related to higher BMI at 3 and 6 years of age .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In a cross‐sectional, population‐based study (2007 to 2011), both early (4 months) and late (≥ 7 months) introduction of SF increased the odds of BMI > 97.7th percentile at ages 9 to 15 months with ORs of 1.75 and of 2.64, respectively . Papoutsou et al also demonstrated a 38% higher odds of childhood overweight/obesity (ages 2 to 9 years) among exclusively breastfed infants with introduction of SF at ≥ 7 months of age using cross‐sectional data from eight European countries (2007 to 2008) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age at Introduction of Solid Food and Obesity Throughout the Life Course

Tahir

Michels

Willett

et al. 2018

Obesity

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at Introduction of Solid Food and Obesity Throughout the Life Course

Tahir

Michels

Willett

et al. 2018

Obesity

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“…Cross-sectional data from eight European countries found almost 40 % lower odds of childhood overweight/obesity (ages 2-9 years) in children who were introduced to solids right after 6 months of EBF and continued to receive breast milk (≥12 months) (39) . A large population-based study from Australia with 3153 children found that early solid-food introduction (before 4 months) was associated with increased odds of above normal BMI at 1 year of age, regardless of child BF status at 4 months of age (40) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to complementary feeding in the first year of life and risk of overweight at 24 months of age: changes from 2004 to 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts

et al. 2020

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Complementary feeding (CF) and overweight relationships during early childhood are inconsistent in the literature. We described the association of CF during the first year of life with risk of overweight at 24 months of age in the population-based 2004 and 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts (2004c and 2015c). CF introduction was evaluated at the 3 and 12 months’ follow-ups by asking mothers using a list of foods. Risk of overweight at 24 months of age was BMI-for-age z-score above +1sd from the median of the WHO 2006 growth standards. Our analyses included 3823 (2004c) and 3689 (2015c) children. Early introduction CF (before 6 months of age) prevalence in 2004c was 93·3 (95 % CI 92·5, 94·1) % and in 2015c was 87·2 (95 % CI 86·1, 88·2) %. Tea was the item introduced earlier in both 2004c (68·8 %) and 2015c (55·7 %). At 6 months of age, vegetable mash was the most introduced food in 2004c (33·5 %) and 2015c (47·9 %). Between 2004c and 2015c, the introduction of fresh milk decreased 82·1 to 60·5 % and yogurt from 94·4 to 78·1 % during the first year. Risk of overweight prevalence at 24 months was 33·0 (95 % CI 31·6, 34·5) % in 2004c and 32·0 (95 % CI 30·5, 33·5) % in 2015c. In 2015c, the adjusted odds of risk of overweight at 24 months were increased 1·66 and 1·50 times with the early introduction of fresh/powdered milk: plus water, tea or juice, and plus semi-solid/solid food groups, respectively. It is essential to reinforce the adherence to global recommendations on timely feeding introduction and encourage exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months of age to prevent child overweight.

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“…However, in contrast to the observational evidence related to breastfeeding, no clear association between the age of introduction of solid food and childhood obesity has been found [ 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Several studies have reported an interaction between the age of introduction of solid food and duration of breastfeeding, with the early introduction of solid food (i.e., <4 months) being associated with increased weight gain only for infants breastfed for less than four to five months [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], but not in infants that were breastfed for longer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Breastfeeding, but Not Timing of Solid Food, Reduces the Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 24 to 36 Months: Findings from an Australian Cohort Study

Bell

Yew

Devenish

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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This study aimed to determine whether breastfeeding duration and the timing of solid food were independently associated with being overweight or obese in early childhood. Subjects were 953 children participating in the Study of Mothers and Infants Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study, based in Adelaide, Australia. Socio-demographic information and data on breastfeeding duration and age of introduction of solid food were collected at birth, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 months via mailed or online questionnaires completed by mothers. The weight and height of children were measured at a dental examination when children were aged between 24 and 36 months. Body mass index was calculated, and children were categorised into weight groups according to the World Health Organization growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for maternal age at birth, education, socio-economic status, pre-pregnancy weight, smoking in pregnancy, method of delivery, and child’s birthweight. Risk of overweight/obesity was independently associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking in pregnancy, and birthweight. Children that were breastfed for 12 months or more had a significantly lower risk of being overweight/obese than those breastfed for less than 17 weeks (AOR 0.49; 95%CI 0.27, 0.90; p for trend =0.009). Age of introduction of solid food, however, was not associated with the risk of being overweight/obese at 24 to 36 months. This study provides further evidence of an inverse relationship between breastfeeding and risk of overweight/obesity, however, no association with the timing of solid food was detected.

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Timing of solid food introduction and association with later childhood overweight and obesity: The IDEFICS study

Abstract: This study investigated associations between timing

Cited by 67 publications

References 42 publications

Age at Introduction of Solid Food and Obesity Throughout the Life Course

Age at Introduction of Solid Food and Obesity Throughout the Life Course

Introduction to complementary feeding in the first year of life and risk of overweight at 24 months of age: changes from 2004 to 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts

Duration of Breastfeeding, but Not Timing of Solid Food, Reduces the Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 24 to 36 Months: Findings from an Australian Cohort Study

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