Timing of parenchymal enhancement on dual-phase dynamic helical CT of the liver: how long does the hepatic arterial phase predominate?

Frederick, M G; McElaney, B L; Singer, Amit; Park, K S; Paulson, Eric K.; McGee, Shaun; Nelson, Rendon C.

doi:10.2214/ajr.166.6.8633437

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The lesion appears hyperdense compared to the normal surrounding parenchyma during the arterial phase, and slightly hypodense during the portal phase [8], [9]. This temporal evolution is in agreement with the complex hepatic enhancement observed in in vivo examinations [4], [28]. During the first early acquisition phase (around 20-30 s after contrast infusion), the hypervascular lesion receives highly concentrated dye product coming from the HA, while the liver parenchyma is less enhanced because receiving less CM (PV does not contain CM yet), which leads to a high lesion conspicuity.…”

Section: Macroscopic Model: Application To the Liver Vascular Nesupporting

confidence: 83%

Multiscale modeling and imaging: the challenges of biocomplexity

et al. 2003

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Section: Macroscopic Model: Application To the Liver Vascular Nesupporting

confidence: 83%

Multiscale modeling and imaging: the challenges of biocomplexity

et al. 2003

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“…For example, hyper-vascular hepatic lesions are better detectable during the pure arterial phase when the contribution of the portal blood supply is not preponderant yet. But the duration of this phase is di cult to estimate [5]. This is mainly due to the variations of the hepatic enhancement, with a large number of parameters (type and quantity of contrast material, injection ow and duration, monophasic or biphasic injection) or the tumor types [6].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic tumor enhancement in computed tomography: combined models of liver perfusion and dynamic imaging

Bézy-Wendling

Krȩtowski

Rolland

2003

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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The objective of this study is to show how computational modeling can be used to increase our understanding of liver enhancement in dynamic computer tomography. It relies on two models: (1) a vascular model, based on physiological rules, is used to generate the 3D hepatic vascular network; (2) the physical process of CT acquisition allows to synthesize timed-stamped series of images, aimed at tracking the propagation of a contrast material through the vessel network and the parenchyma. The coupled models are used to simulate the enhancement of a hyper-vascular tumor at di erent acquisition times, showing a maximum conspicuity during the arterial phase. ?

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“…For arterial phase CT imaging the injection rate and the scanning delay are critical, because the arterial phase lasts only a short time [8]. In recent years experienced authors recommended at least 4.0 ml/s to achieve a sufficient conspicuity of arterial enhancing tumors [2,4,7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the precontrast and postcontrast density of the aorta and of the spleen was determined. As previously determined by other authors [8,18], the duration of the arterial phase was determined by measuring the contrast enhancement in liver parenchyma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With these short scanning times it becomes increasingly more important to optimize the timing between contrast bolus and diagnostic scans. Still, there is considerable controversy regarding the optimal time window, the optimal contrast material volume, and the injection rate in biphasic spiral CT of the liver [8,9,10,11]. The difficulties arise from interindividual variation of body habitus, heart rate, circulation time, and cardiac impairment whose influence on the contrast transit time has been previously demonstrated [9, 12,13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biphasic spiral CT of the liver: automatic bolus tracking or time delay?

et al. 2001

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of automatic bolus tracking for biphasic spiral CT of the liver in comparison with time delay examinations. Forty patients scheduled for a biphasic spiral CT of the liver randomly were examined either with time delay of 25 s for the arterial phase and 55 s for the portal-venous phase (n = 20), or with an automatic scan start triggered by contrast enhancement in the aorta (n = 20). Examinations were performed with 120 ml of contrast material and a flow rate of 4.0 ml/s. Density measurements of the aorta, of the liver parenchyma, and of the spleen were obtained by means of regions of interest (ROI). The end of the arterial phase was considered when hepatic parenchymal enhancement was greater than 20 HU. In all patients of the group with automatic bolus tracking arterial scanning was completed in the arterial phase of the liver. In 25 % of patients with fixed time delay, however, an enhancement of liver parenchyma during arterial phase greater than 20 HU was observed. During the portal-venous phase there was no significant difference in parenchymal enhancement between both groups. Automatic bolus tracking allows an individualized timing of the arterial phase in biphasic spiral CT of the liver. The timing is more accurate than in time delay scanning.

show abstract

Timing of parenchymal enhancement on dual-phase dynamic helical CT of the liver: how long does the hepatic arterial phase predominate?

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Multiscale modeling and imaging: the challenges of biocomplexity

Multiscale modeling and imaging: the challenges of biocomplexity

Hepatic tumor enhancement in computed tomography: combined models of liver perfusion and dynamic imaging

Biphasic spiral CT of the liver: automatic bolus tracking or time delay?

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