Timing of gene expression from different genetic systems in shaping leucine and isoleucine contents of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal

Abstract

Experiments were conducted on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using a diallel design with nine parents: Youcai 601, Double 20-4, Huashuang 3, Gaoyou 605, Zhongyou 821, Eyouchangjia, Zhong R-888, Tower and Zheshuang 72. The seed developmental process was divided into five stages, namely initial (days 1-15 after flowering), early (days 16-22 after flowering), middle (days 23-29), late (days 30-36), and maturing (days 37-43) developmental stages. The variation of dynamic genetic effects for leucine and isoleucine contents of rapeseed meal was analysed at five developmental stages, across different environments using the genetic models with time-dependent measures. The results from unconditional and conditional analyses indicated that the expression of diploid embryo, cytoplasmic and diploid maternal plant genes were important for leucine and isoleucine contents at different developmental stages of rapeseed, particularly at the initial and early developmental stages. Among different genetic systems, nutrition quality traits were mainly controlled by the accumulative or net maternal main effects and their GE interaction effects, except at maturity when the net diploid embryo effects were larger. The expression of genes was affected by the environmental conditions on 15, 22, 29 or 36 days after flowering, but was more stable at mature stage. For the isoleucine content the narrow-sense heritabilities on 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43 days after flowering were 43.0, 65.7, 60.1, 65.5 and 78.2%, respectively, while for the leucine content the corresponding narrow-sense heritabilities were relatively smaller. The interaction heritabilities were more important than the general heritabilities at the first three developmental times. The improvement for isoleucine content could be achieved by selection based on the higher narrow-sense heritabilities. Various genetic systems exhibited genetic correlations among the developmental times or leucine and isoleucine contents. A simultaneous improvement of leucine and isoleucine contents seems possible because of the significant positive genetic correlation components from different genetic systems at different developmental times.

Dynamic gene expression analysis of maternal, cytoplasmic and embryo genetic systems for linolenic and erucic acid contents in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

“…Complex relations exist among some quality traits of rapeseed because of genetic linkage and the pleiotropic function of genes, causing difficulties in selecting better genotypes from subsequent generations. Genotypic correlation could eliminate the interference caused by random error, and is an important statistical parameter that is superior to phenotypic correlation (Chen et al 2011a). In the present experiment, most components of genetic main and GE interaction correlation between LLA and EA contents were significantly negative at various developmental times, which indicated that the activation and expression of genes for both quality traits at different seed growth periods had close relationship (Chen et al 2011b).…”

Relationship between the double burden of malnutrition and mental health in overweight and obese adult women

“…Furthermore, BsmI and ApaI VDR genes in overweight and obese women are reported to account for polymorphism and seem to affect BMI. Also, adipose stores have a haemostatic role in inflammation and innate immunity in human individuals by modulating of toll-like receptors and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-ĸB) pathways (20)(21)(22) .…”

QTL mapping based on the embryo and maternal genetic systems for non‐essential amino acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) meal

“…QTL mapping for rapeseed quality traits such as oil content, fatty acid composition and protein content had been studied, but they were only in consideration of QTLs expressed in the embryo nuclear genome. Quality traits of seed grown on its maternal plant had been proved to be simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from the genes expressed in both of the embryo and maternal plant genomes across environments . With a new QTL mapping model and corresponding software package (QTLNetwork) developed by Yang et al , it would be possible to dissect the genetic architecture of complex quantitative trait into the genetic main effects of individual QTL and the interaction effects between QTL and environmental factors, which had been successfully applied in the two‐genetic‐system QTL mapping for quality traits of rice, cotton and rapeseed …”