Timing intercourse to achieve pregnancy Current evidence

Stanford, Joseph B.; White, George L.; Hatasaka, Harry H.

doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02382-7

Cited by 110 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…25 It has also been shown that a lower quality of mucus discharge as assessed with different measures, including the CrMS mucus score, correlates with a lower probability of conception. 14,24,26 Fehring 16 showed that 97.8% of the peak day mucus fell within ±4 days of the LH surge within a menstrual cycle. In addition, Stanford et al 13 provided evidence that the maximum probability of conception differs significantly by mucus quality, as assessed by the CrMS mucus score; a mucus score change of 2 corresponds to an absolute change in the per cycle probability of conception of about 5%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Menstrual Cycle After Discontinuation of Oral Contraceptives

Nassaralla

Stanford

Daly

et al. 2011

Journal of Women's Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Menstrual Cycle After Discontinuation of Oral Contraceptives

Nassaralla

Stanford

Daly

et al. 2011

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Assisted reproductive techniques may increase the odds of conception for some couples, so any medical intervention may lead to a higher fertility rate among couples who seek assistance. Some couples may enhance their probabilities of conception by using aids for selecting timing of intercourse, such as urine luteinizing hormone (LH) testing or urinary estrogen metabolite testing (both available over the counter) or monitoring signs of fertility, such as vaginal mucus discharge or basal body temperature (Stanford et al 2002). It is therefore essential that any interventions used by the couple to enhance conception be identified and be accounted for in analysis.…”

Section: Time To Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example some of the methods of determining the timing of ovulation will alert couples to the days they are more likely to be fertile, whereas other methods will not. If couples are alerted to the days of fertility, this may alter their sexual behavior and hence their TTP (Hilgers et al 1992;Stanford et al 2002;World Health Organization 1983). A number of studies have used daily urine collections analyzed in a central laboratory for the occurrence and timing of ovulation without feedback to couples during the study, thus eliminating this bias (Waller et al 1996;Wang et al 2003;Wilcox et al 1985).…”

Section: Detailed Prospective Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodologic and statistical approaches to studying human fertility and environmental exposure.

Tingen

Stanford

Dunson

2004

Environ Health Perspect

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Although there has been growing concern about the effects of environmental exposures on human fertility, standard epidemiologic study designs may not collect sufficient data to identify subtle effects while properly adjusting for confounding. In particular, results from conventional time to pregnancy studies can be driven by the many sources of bias inherent in these studies. By prospectively collecting detailed records of menstrual bleeding, occurrences of intercourse, and a marker of ovulation day in each menstrual cycle, precise information on exposure effects can be obtained, adjusting for many of the primary sources of bias. This article provides an overview of the different types of study designs, focusing on the data required, the practical advantages and disadvantages of each design, and the statistical methods required to take full advantage of the available data. We conclude that detailed prospective studies allowing inferences on day-specific probabilities of conception should be considered as the gold standard for studying the effects of environmental exposures on fertility.

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“…Finding reliable ways to determine the moment of ovulation is a critical task in the control of human conception and contraception. It also has implications in reproductive medicine, such as timed intercourse, artificial insemination and the diagnosis of anovulation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the different methods developed for determining the onset of the LH surge in urine during the human menstrual cycle

Godbert¹,

Miró²,

Shreeves³

et al. 2015

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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Purpose To determine whether an optimal method exists for the detection of the luteinising hormone (LH) surge onset in research datasets of urinary hormonal profiles of menstrual cycles. Methods The scientific literature was searched to compare published methodologies for detection of the LH surge onset in urine. Their performance was tested using complete hormonal profiles from 254 ovulatory cycles from 227 women attempting pregnancy (normal regular menstrual cycles; no known infertility). Results Three major methodologies to determine the onset of the LH surge in urine were identified. The key difference between these methods is how the cycle days that contribute to LH baseline assessment are determined: using fixed days (method #1), based on peak LH day (method #2), based on a provisional estimate of the LH surge (method #3). Method #1 requires no prior cycle information, whereas methods #2 and #3 need to consider complete cycle data. The most reliable method for calculation of baseline LH was using 2 days before the estimated surge day, plus the previous 4/5 days. Conclusions Different methods for identification of the urinary LH surge can provide very different determinations of LH surge day, thus care must be taken when comparing between studies that apply different methodologies. The optimal method for determining the onset of the LH surge in urine requires retrospective estimation of day of LH surge to identify the most appropriate part of the cycle to consider as the baseline. This method can be adopted for application in population studies.

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Timing intercourse to achieve pregnancy Current evidence

Cited by 110 publications

References 39 publications

Characteristics of the Menstrual Cycle After Discontinuation of Oral Contraceptives

Characteristics of the Menstrual Cycle After Discontinuation of Oral Contraceptives

Methodologic and statistical approaches to studying human fertility and environmental exposure.

Comparison between the different methods developed for determining the onset of the LH surge in urine during the human menstrual cycle

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