Timing exclusion and communicating time: A spatial analysis of participation failure in an Indonesian MPA

Tam, Chui-Ling

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2015.01.001

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The benefits of RESEX comanagement have not always been clear to remote resource users who would benefit most from its implementation; and decision making has not always represented the diversity of actors' socioeconomic conditions and livelihoods (Santos and Brannstrom 2015). This supports the shift toward making MPA governance more inclusive and participatory with local people to enhance success (Glaser et al 2010b, Tam 2015. Social and institutional differences as well as the historical marginalization of rural fishing communities in national policy have created challenges with communication about the purpose of RESEX and power imbalances between actors involved in governance from the local to national levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangroves, fishers, and the struggle for adaptive comanagement: applying the social-ecological systems framework to a marine extractive reserve (RESEX) in Brazil

Partelow¹,

Glaser²,

Arce³

et al. 2018

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Brazil has a network of marine extractive reserves (RESEX), a form of marine protected area (MPA) using comanagement. The RESEX program aims to bring traditionally marginalized populations with natural resource dependent livelihoods into national development processes by empowering them to participate in governance and steward biodiversity conservation. We apply the socialecological systems framework (SESF) and collective action theory to diagnose challenges for comanagement in the Caete-Teperacu marine RESEX near Bragança, Brazil, a multiuse mangrove estuary supporting a small-scale crab fishery. We conducted key informant interviews and build on over 20 years of research in the region to provide an overarching analysis of the challenges facing comanagement. We describe the variables from the SESF in the case context and find that many social and ecological variables interact in clusters over time, and these clusters can be identified as themes, including (1) social and political momentum supporting the RESEX; (2) shifting perceptions of local residents and fishers; (3) patron-client relationships and social-ecological traps; (4) challenges with institutional fit; and (5) the interactions between harvesting closures, compensation, and dependence on local natural resources. Furthermore, we use collective action theory to help explain the role that each variable plays in either hindering or enabling successful governance. Our findings suggest that institutional resilience is needed to make RESEX adaptive to shifting social and political momenta. It could do this by providing more platforms for communication, deliberation, and knowledge exchange among the relevant actors. We believe our findings reflect broader challenges facing RESEX implementation throughout Brazil, and lessons can be learned for MPAs facing difficulties with the implementation of comanagement worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangroves, fishers, and the struggle for adaptive comanagement: applying the social-ecological systems framework to a marine extractive reserve (RESEX) in Brazil

Partelow¹,

Glaser²,

Arce³

et al. 2018

E&S

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“…Past research has documented a number of the potential risks of sustainability practices from a social justice perspective. Potential social injustices have included: (a) lack of the recognition of pre-existing rights, needs and livelihoods of distinct stakeholders [65][66][67]; (b) exclusionary decision-making process that fail to include local people [26,68,69]; (c) negative social consequences of management actions that undermine human-well-being [70][71][72]; (d) unequal distribution of costs and benefits to different groups [73][74][75], and (e) elite capture of the long-term benefits, thus increasing social inequity during and after a transformation [76][77][78][79]. Recognizing that any sustainability initiative has the potential to be done in an exclusionary or inclusive fashion and to increase or decrease social justice, we argue that strategic thinking and planning is needed to manage deliberate transformations in a manner that is just.…”

Section: Conceptualizing Social (In) Justicementioning

confidence: 99%

Just Transformations to Sustainability

et al. 2019

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Transformations towards sustainability are needed to address many of the earth's profound environmental and social challenges. Yet, actions taken to deliberately shift social-ecological systems towards more sustainable trajectories can have substantial social impacts and exclude people from decision-making processes. The concept of just transformations makes explicit a need to consider social justice in the process of shifting towards sustainability. In this paper, we draw on the transformations, just transitions, and social justice literature to advance a pragmatic framing of just transformations that includes recognitional, procedural and distributional considerations. Decision-making processes to guide just transformations need to consider these three factors before, during and after the transformation period. We offer practical and methodological guidance to help navigate just transformations in environmental management and sustainability policies and practice. The framing of just transformations put forward here might be used to inform decision making in numerous marine and terrestrial ecosystems, in rural and urban environments, and at various scales from local to global. We argue that sustainability transformations cannot be considered a success unless social justice is a central concern.

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“…They had a better chance of attending the meetings or receiving information that the fisher groups missed. Tam [52] highlighted this by stating that community consultation has to consider the mobility of coastal communities to ensure a broad representation and thus guarantee the acceptance of an MPA regime. This might partly explain some fisher communities lacking knowledge of an MPA established by formal institutions in the studies by Cinner et al [50] and Kusumawati and Huang [53].…”

Section: Communities' Acceptance Of the Anambas Mpa Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Vulnerability Risks and Conservation Perceptions between Mariculture, Fishery and Ecotourism Livelihood Groups in a Multi-Use MPA in Indonesia

Albasri

Sammut

2021

Sustainability

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Different livelihoods have different vulnerability risks and influences on the management of marine protected areas (MPAs). This research aimed to compare the seasonal, trend and shock livelihood vulnerability indicators (LVIs) of three dominant livelihood groups and the groups’ perceptions towards supporting MPA conservation efforts. The Anambas Archipelago MPA was selected as the study site. A total of 66 respondents from the three major groups were selected using stratified random sampling and interviewed using a questionnaire containing 14 LVIs. The responses were standardised and aggregated using functional relationships. The groups’ perceptions were determined using frequency distribution and thematic analyses (NVIVO 10). The LVI composite values showed that fishers were the most vulnerable (0.65), followed by fish farmers (0.62) and ecotourism operators (0.47). Fishers and fish farmers expressed high vulnerability due to their dependency on the coastal resources. The ecotourism operators had low vulnerability due to their lower dependency on natural resources, smaller impacts from seasonal weather, low involvement in resource conflicts and greater political support. The three groups supported the MPA regimes despite differences in their knowledge of the MPA restrictions on their livelihood practices. The study’s findings provide key alternative strategies to address the vulnerability risks of the three major groups and to increase their support for conservation goals in similar MPAs.

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Timing exclusion and communicating time: A spatial analysis of participation failure in an Indonesian MPA

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Mangroves, fishers, and the struggle for adaptive comanagement: applying the social-ecological systems framework to a marine extractive reserve (RESEX) in Brazil

Mangroves, fishers, and the struggle for adaptive comanagement: applying the social-ecological systems framework to a marine extractive reserve (RESEX) in Brazil

Just Transformations to Sustainability

A Comparison of Vulnerability Risks and Conservation Perceptions between Mariculture, Fishery and Ecotourism Livelihood Groups in a Multi-Use MPA in Indonesia

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