Timing and size selectivity of the Guadalupian (Middle Permian) fusulinoidean extinction

Groves, John R.; Wang, Yue

doi:10.1666/12-076r.1

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…This event is associated with shifts in the carbon and oxygen isotope record (Chen et al ., ) and a first‐order sea‐level lowstand (see Groves & Wang, , for a summary). Although there is still disagreement about the timing and main triggers of the end‐Guadalupian extinction (Clapham, Shen & Bottjer, ; Groves & Wang, ), it seems that the event is prolonged and possibly linked to a cool phase during the Capitanian (‘Kamura event’; Isozaki, Kawahata & Ota, ) as well as to the extrusion of the Emeishan Traps (southern China) and the sea‐level lowstand during the Capitanian–Wuchiapingian transition (e.g. Clapham & Payne, ; Wignall et al ., ; Groves & Wang, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, possible crises have been suggested for certain subsets of fishes, such as durophagous forms (Friedman & Sallan, ) or marine taxa (Pitrat, ). Little is known about the response of fishes to other extinction events of the Permian and Triassic, such as the end‐Guadalupian (Groves & Wang, ) and end‐Smithian crises (Galfetti et al ., ,b). Moreover, previous studies were only based on anecdotal evidence or primarily on data from old compendia, such as Benton () or Sepkoski ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permian–TriassicOsteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution

et al. 2014

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The Permian and Triassic were key time intervals in the history of life on Earth. Both periods are marked by a series of biotic crises including the most catastrophic of such events, the end-Permian mass extinction, which eventually led to a major turnover from typical Palaeozoic faunas and floras to those that are emblematic for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Here we review patterns in Permian-Triassic bony fishes, a group whose evolutionary dynamics are understudied. Based on data from primary literature, we analyse changes in their taxonomic diversity and body size (as a proxy for trophic position) and explore their response to Permian-Triassic events. Diversity and body size are investigated separately for different groups of Osteichthyes (Dipnoi, Actinistia, 'Palaeopterygii', 'Subholostei', Holostei, Teleosteomorpha), within the marine and freshwater realms and on a global scale (total diversity) as well as across palaeolatitudinal belts. Diversity is also measured for different palaeogeographical provinces. Our results suggest a general trend from low osteichthyan diversity in the Permian to higher levels in the Triassic. Diversity dynamics in the Permian are marked by a decline in freshwater taxa during the Cisuralian. An extinction event during the end-Guadalupian crisis is not evident from our data, but 'palaeopterygians' experienced a significant body size increase across the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary and these fishes upheld their position as large, top predators from the Late Permian to the Late Triassic. Elevated turnover rates are documented at the Permian-Triassic boundary, and two distinct diversification events are noted in the wake of this biotic crisis, a first one during the Early Triassic (dipnoans, actinistians, 'palaeopterygians', 'subholosteans') and a second one during the Middle Triassic ('subholosteans', neopterygians). The origination of new, small taxa predominantly among these groups during the Middle Triassic event caused a significant reduction in osteichthyan body size. Neopterygii, the clade that encompasses the vast majority of extant fishes, underwent another diversification phase in the Late Triassic. The Triassic radiation of Osteichthyes, predominantly of Actinopterygii, which only occurred after severe extinctions among Chondrichthyes during the Middle-Late Permian, resulted in a profound change within global fish communities, from chondrichthyan-rich faunas of the Permo-Carboniferous to typical Mesozoic and Cenozoic associations dominated by actinopterygians. This turnover was not sudden but followed a stepwise pattern, with leaps during extinction events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permian–TriassicOsteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution

et al. 2014

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“…This calculation entails removal of the Signor-Lipps numbers restored to the Changhsingian. Possibly the Guadalupian event began before the end of the late Guadalupian (24,25), but close to the end of this interval there was heavy extinction of fusulinidoidean foraminiferans (13,(25)(26)(27). A recent thorough study of this group found that 88% its species that existed within the last million years of the Guadalupian became extinct by the end of this brief interval (27).…”

Section: Magnitudes Of Other Major Extinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history

Stanley

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

255

134

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Procedures introduced here make it possible, first, to show that background (piecemeal) extinction is recorded throughout geologic stages and substages (not all extinction has occurred suddenly at the ends of such intervals); second, to separate out background extinction from mass extinction for a major crisis in earth history; and third, to correct for clustering of extinctions when using the rarefaction method to estimate the percentage of species lost in a mass extinction. Also presented here is a method for estimating the magnitude of the Signor-Lipps effect, which is the incorrect assignment of extinctions that occurred during a crisis to an interval preceding the crisis because of the incompleteness of the fossil record. Estimates for the magnitudes of mass extinctions presented here are in most cases lower than those previously published. They indicate that only ∼81% of marine species died out in the great terminal Permian crisis, whereas levels of 90-96% have frequently been quoted in the literature. Calculations of the latter numbers were incorrectly based on combined data for the Middle and Late Permian mass extinctions. About 90 orders and more than 220 families of marine animals survived the terminal Permian crisis, and they embodied an enormous amount of morphological, physiological, and ecological diversity. Life did not nearly disappear at the end of the Permian, as has often been claimed. mass extinction | paleontology | biodiversity A global mass extinction can be defined qualitatively as an event in which an unusually large percentage of higher taxa in several biological groups died out globally within a brief interval of geologic time. There is no satisfactory way to provide a universally applicable quantitative definition of a mass extinction. Major marine mass extinctions have been associated with relatively abrupt excursions of the stable carbon isotope ratio in seawater, as reflected in fossil skeletal material. Contemporaneous oxygen isotope excursions that have paralleled the carbon isotope excursions, as well as other forms of evidence, connect the biotic crises to global climate change and support other evidence that the crises were relatively sudden events (1). Most major pulses of extinction occurred at or near the ends of formally recognized geologic intervals. In fact, the resulting biotic transitions have led to the establishment of the boundaries between most geologic systems and many geologic stages. Any extinctions scattered within such an interval or within an interval not containing a mass extinction are known collectively as background extinction.Comparing models to empirical numbers, Foote (2) considered two extreme scenarios for extinctions in the marine realm: one in which all extinctions occurred in pulses, primarily at the ends of geologic ages (the intervals representing stages) and one in which they were spread throughout ages (see also ref.3). He found the pulsed model to be more strongly supported, which would imply that substantial backward smearing of extinctions ...

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“…The brachiopods already have the strong early Lopingian aspect in the Laibin Limestone, and the changeover of brachiopods happened mainly between the late Capitanian Jinogondolella postserrata Zone and the J. xuanhanensis Zone (Shen and Shi, 2009), so did the changeover of rugose corals (Wang and Sugiyama, 2001). The fusulinids, on the other hand, suffered a heavy extinction of 88% species over an interval of 9 myr from the Wordian to the Capitanian (Groves and Wang, 2013). They persisted to the top of the Maokou Formation at the Tieqiao section , and then disappeared at the basal Heshan Formation, except Codonofusiella and Reichelina.…”

Section: The Changeover Of the Smaller Foraminiferal Fauna Near The Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Permian smaller foraminifers from the Maokou Formation at the Tieqiao section, Guangxi, South China

2015

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Timing and size selectivity of the Guadalupian (Middle Permian) fusulinoidean extinction

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

Permian–TriassicOsteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution

Permian–TriassicOsteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution

Estimates of the magnitudes of major marine mass extinctions in earth history

Middle Permian smaller foraminifers from the Maokou Formation at the Tieqiao section, Guangxi, South China

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