Timing and return period of major palaeoseismic events in the Shillong Plateau, India

Sukhija, B. S.; Rao, M. N.; Reddy, D. V.; Nagabhushanam, P.; Hussain, Syed Asim; Chadha, R. K.; Gupta, Harsh K.

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(99)00082-7

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…(Table 1). Out of various evidences for this event elaborated by Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b, we reproduce one, which supports a common source for this and the other paleoearthquakes identified by them. We believe that a compelling case can be made relating the size of observed liquefaction features and their source distance.…”

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b constrained this earthquake (referred henceforth as the 500 years B.P. event) through extensive paleoseismic investigations of liquefaction and deformation.…”

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 500 years B.P. and other events dated by Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b are constrained by maximum/minimum and coeval ages and have similar liquefaction signatures in terms of the size of sand dikes, etc. (Table 1).…”

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the inference by them that ''smaller dikes'' (related to the 500 year B.P. event) reported by Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b are generated by remotely distant earthquakes, cannot be justified. For this, the best example is the recent Bhuj earthquake of January 2001, where widespread liquefaction has taken place and the dimensions of the features have wide spectrum even within a given area (Thakkar and Goyal [2004], our own observations, and B. K. Rastogi (personal communication, 2005)).…”

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They believe it was responsible for the great 1897 earthquake and have questioned the location of Oldham Fault (OF) computed from repeated triangulation data [Bilham and England, 2001]. Further, Rajendran et al [2004] have concluded that the return period of great earthquakes in the Shillong Plateau area is about 1200 years, thus questioning the return period of 500 years estimated by Sukhija et al [1999aSukhija et al [ , 1999b, who have identified a large earthquake 1450 -1650 A.D. (besides 1897 A.D., 700 -1050 A.D. and earlier than 600 A.D. seismic events) based on liquefaction and other deformational features in the Shillong Plateau. With only three 14 C dates from two obscure liquefaction features from a single location (Dilma) and some additional archaeological and historic evidences, Rajendran et al [2004] correlated this (1450 -1650 A.D.) event with another earthquake (felt at Sadiya in 1697 A.D.) distal from the Shillong Plateau and infer an earlier event (1200 years B.P.)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

et al. 2006

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Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The 1450-1650 Ad Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

et al. 2006

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The Shillong Plateau and the great 1897 Assam earthquake

England

Bilham

2015

Tectonics

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Previous analysis of triangulation data of the Survey of India concluded that the great 1897Assam earthquake occurred on a south dipping fault near the northern edge of the Shillong Plateau, which was named the Oldham fault. This attribution has been questioned on geological and geodetic grounds. We refine the triangulation data, adding recently discovered observations, and demonstrate that they require average slip of 25 ± 5 m on a fault that dips south at ∼40 ∘ beneath the plateau. The best fitting solution to the geodetic observations gives a rupture length of 79 km. However, the Chedrang fault, immediately to the west of the Oldham fault, appears to have slipped as a subvertical tear fault during or shortly after the 1897 earthquake, with over 10 m of down-to-the-west normal-sense slip. This observation suggests that the western end of the main rupture approached within a few kilometers of the Chedrang fault, giving a length of 95 km for the rupture. This range of parameters gives a magnitude 8.15< M w <8.35 for the earthquake. The triangulation data cannot be satisfied by slip on the north dipping faults that border the southern edge of the Shillong Plateau nor by slip on a south dipping fault that has been postulated in the Brahmaputra Valley. GPS velocities show that up to 5 mm/yr of shortening is taken up across the plateau and its borders; this suggests, via moment-frequency relations, that the interval between great earthquakes in the region is several thousand years but that earthquakes of magnitude 7 or greater should occur roughly once per century.

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3‐D seismic tomography of the lithosphere and its geodynamic implications beneath the northeast India region

et al. 2017

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We have evolved 3‐D seismic velocity structures in northeast India region and its adjoining areas to understand the geodynamic processes of Indian lithosphere that gently underthrusts under the Himalayas and steeply subducts below the Indo‐Burma Ranges. The region is tectonically buttressed between the Himalayan arc to the north and the Indo‐Burmese arc to the east. The tomographic image shows heterogeneous structure of lithosphere depicting different tectonic blocks. Though our results are limited to shallower depth (0–90 km), it matches well with the deeper continuation of lithospheric structure obtained in an earlier study. We observe low‐velocity structure all along the Eastern Himalayas down to ~70 km depth, which may be attributed to deeper roots/thicker crust developed by underthrusting of Indian plate. Parallel to this low‐velocity zone lies a high‐velocity zone in foredeep region, represents the Indian lithosphere. The underthrusting Indian lithosphere under the Himalayas as well as below the Indo‐Burma Ranges is well reflected as a high‐velocity dipping structure. The buckled up part of bending Indian plate in study region, the Shillong Plateau‐Mikir Hills tectonic block, is marked as a high‐velocity structure at shallower depth. The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, tectonic block where the two arcs meet, is identified as a high‐velocity structure. The Bengal Basin, tectonic block to the south of Shillong Plateau, shows low velocity due to its thicker sediments. Based on the tomographic image, a schematic model is presented to elucidate the structure and geodynamics of Indian lithosphere in study region.

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Timing and return period of major palaeoseismic events in the Shillong Plateau, India

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

Comment on “Interpreting the style of faulting and paleoseismicity associated with the 1897 Shillong, northeast India, earthquake: Implications for regional tectonism” by C. P. Rajendran et al.

The Shillong Plateau and the great 1897 Assam earthquake

3‐D seismic tomography of the lithosphere and its geodynamic implications beneath the northeast India region

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