Timing and Extent of Embryonic Mortality in Pigs Sheep and Goats: Genetic Variability

Bolet, Gérard

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5038-2_2

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Despite the high fertilisation rates in the pig (90-100%), prenatal mortality of 30-40% can significantly limit the litter size and dramatically impact economic profitability. The majority of these losses (20-30%) occur during the preimplantation period of development (Anderson 1978;Bolet 1986;Geisert and Schmitt 2002;Spencer 2013) at a time when the embryo is forming a blastocyst and secreting maternal recognition of pregnancy signals. Embryonic oestradiol (E 2 ) plays a crucial role in porcine maternal recognition of pregnancy signalling by shifting the secretion of prostaglandin F 2 a into the uterine lumen were it rapidly deteriorates; thus preventing transport to, and luteolysis of the corpus luteum via uterine vein-ovarian artery counter-current exchange (Bazer and Thatcher 1977;Zavy et al 1980;Geisert et al 1989;Stefa nczyk-Krzymowska et al 1990).…”

Section: Mechanisms By Which Heat-stressed Spermatozoa Can Affect Blamentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting summer infertility in the pig: could heat stress-induced sperm DNA damage negatively affect early embryo development?

Peña

Gummow

Parker³

et al. 2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.Temperature is a crucial factor in mammalian spermatogenesis. The scrotum, pampiniform plexus, and cremaster and dartos muscles in mammals are specific adaptations to ensure sperm production in a regulated environment 4À6 C below internal body temperature. However, the limited endogenous antioxidant systems inherent in mammalian spermatozoa compounded by the loss of cytosolic repair mechanisms during spermatogenesis, make the DNA in these cells particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Boar sperm is likely to be more susceptible to the effects of heat stress and thus oxidative damage due to the relatively high unsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane, low antioxidant capacity in boar seminal plasma, and the boar's non-pendulous scrotum. Heat stress has a significant negative impact on reproductive performance in piggeries, which manifests as summer infertility and results in productivity losses that amount to millions of dollars. This problem is particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where ambient temperatures rise beyond the animal's zone of thermal comfort. Based on preliminary studies in the pig and other species, this article discusses whether heat stress could induce sufficient DNA damage in boar sperm to significantly contribute to the high rates of embryo loss and pregnancy failure observed in the sow during summer infertility. Heat stress-induced damage to sperm DNA can lead to disrupted expression of key developmental genes essential for the differentiation of early cell lineages, such as the trophectoderm, and can distort the timely formation of the blastocyst; resulting in a failure of implantation and ultimately pregnancy loss. Confirming such a link would prompt greater emphasis on boar management and strategies to mitigate summer infertility during periods of heat stress.

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Section: Mechanisms By Which Heat-stressed Spermatozoa Can Affect Blamentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting summer infertility in the pig: could heat stress-induced sperm DNA damage negatively affect early embryo development?

Peña

Gummow

Parker³

et al. 2017

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Regression of embryonic mortality rate on ovulation rate was significantly positive (!-2.5), and embryonic mortality rate remained significantly higher in both Large (B OLET & L EGAULT , 1982 ;B OLET , 1984). Our data only partially confirm these results, as the embryonic mortality rate was higher in HLW sow compared either to that LW sows or to the average value of 30 p. 100 cited in the literature (B OLET , 1984 (Z HANG et al, 1983) and in France (L EGAULT & C ARITEZ , 1983 ;L EC nm,T et al, 1984 (B OLET , 1984) but the results obtained in mice (B RADFORD , 1979) show that it is possible to increase it by genetic selection. For this purpose, the Meishan breed constitutes a new experimental model as it shows that there is a high variability between breeds for embryonic survival.…”

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confidence: 93%

Components of prolificacy in hyperprolific Large White sows compared with the Meishan and Large White breeds

Bolet¹,

Botte²,

Locatelli³

et al. 1986

Genetics Selection Evolution

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SummaryWe identified the most prolific sows in French Large White herds and 17 hyperprolific sows (HLW) were bought whose average litter size on 3 farrowings was 16.5 piglets born alive, i.e. a superiority of 5.3 piglets per litter over their contemporaries. In 1 to 3 subsequent pregnancies we compared ovulation and embryonic mortality rates of 10 HLW with those of 10 Large White (LW) and 7 Meishan (MS) sows. The ovulation rate of HLW was significantly higher than that of LW (-!-5.3) and MS ( + 5.7). The ovulation rate of HLW daughters was higher by 2.1 corpora lutea compared to that of LW gilts at the 3rd oestrus after puberty, which occurred at the same age in the 2 genotypes (228 days) ; MS gilts were pubescent significantly earlier (88 days) and had a significantly lower ovulation rate than both Large White groups. The embryonic mortality rate was high in HLW sows (41 p. 100), whereas that of MS sows was low (16 p. 100), compared to that of LW sows (26 p. 100). Regression of embryonic mortality rate on ovulation rate was significantly positive (!-2.5), and embryonic mortality rate remained significantly higher in both Large White groups than in MS sows when corrected for ovulation rate. It is concluded that the improvement of embryonic survival in Large White sows should be a high priority to improve the efficiency of the hyperprolific line and that the Meishan breed which is prolific owing to a low embryonic mortality may be an appropriate experimental model.

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“…IFNτ appears to be the sole factor produced by the conceptus that prevents the development of endometrial luteolytic mechanism (BAZER, 1992), primarily through the production of progesterone and estrogens that may directly affect basal PGF2 secretion by the endometrium (ASSELIN et al, 1996;XIAO et al, 1998). According to Bolet (1986), the embryonic mortality rate in sheep and goats is approximately 30% and occurs primarily during the first month, particularly before implantation; this may be associated with oocyte and embryo abnormalities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-partum reproductive activity and estrus synchronization responsiveness in anglonubian x sprd fed with dried carnauba wax palm fruit (Copernicia prunifera) long term

et al. 2015

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The present study evaluates the use of dried carnauba wax palm fruit in 28 postpartum goats fed diets containing Bermudagrass hay and either corn (WCWP) or carnauba-based (CWP) concentrated feed. Estrus synchronization was performed 90 days postpartum, and the goats were mated. In the CWP group, compared to the WCWP group, the daily dry matter intake was significantly reduced (646.48 ± 11.03 g vs. 739.29 ± 3.24 g, respectively; P < 0.01). The time to the first functional corpus luteum was similar between the groups, occurring a mean 66 days postpartum. During estrus synchronization, the CWP group had a decreased sternal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness when compared to the WCWP group (11.93 ± 0.45 mm vs. 13.69 ± 0.57 mm, respectively; P < 0.05) and a lower pregnancy rate (86.67% vs. 46.15%, respectively; P < 0.02). The embryonic vesicle and crown-rump length growth rates, and the biparietal, thoracic, and abdominal diameters at 45 days of pregnancy were within normal range for goats in both groups. Litter size at birth was similar between the groups at a mean 1.39 ± 0.11. In conclusion, the substitution of corn with dehydrated carnauba wax palm fruit in concentrated feed for postpartum goats showed no positive effects. Reduced feed intake in the does consuming the carnauba diet caused decreased body reserves, which probably resulted in a decreased pregnancy rate in the affected does. Key words: Carnauba wax palm, goats, pregnancy rate, progesterone ResumoO presente estudo avaliou o uso do fruto da carnaubeira desidratado em 28 cabras no período pós-parto alimentadas com dieta contendo feno de Tifton e concentrado comercial a base de milho (WCWP) ou com o fruto da carnaubeira (CWP). A sincronização de estro foi realizada aos 90 dias pós-parto e todas as fêmeas foram cobertas. No grupo CWP, em relação ao grupo WCWP, o consumo de matéria seca foi significativamente menor (646,48 ± 11,03 g vs. 739,29 ± 3,24 g, respectivamente; P < 0,01). O tempo para o aparecimento do primeiro corpo lúteo funcional foi semelhante entre os grupos, ocorrendo em média aos 66 dias pós-parto. No momento da sincronização do estro, o grupo CWP apresentou uma menor espessura do tecido adiposo subcutâneo esternal quando comparado ao grupo WCWP (13,69 ± 0,57 mm vs. 11,93 ± 0,45 mm, respectivamente; P < 0,05) e uma menor taxa de gestação (86,67% vs. 46,15%, respectivamente; P < 0.02). A taxa de crescimento da vesícula embrionária e do comprimento crânio-caudal, assim como no diâmetro biparietal, torácico e abdominal aos 45 dias de gestação estavam em ambos os grupos dentro do esperado para a espécie em questão. Ao parto a prolificidade não diferiu entre os grupos, com média de 1,39 ± 0,11. Em conclusão, a substituição total do milho pelo fruto da carnaubeira no concentrado fornecido às fêmeas caprinas no período pós-parto não apresentou efeitos positivos. A redução da ingestão da dieta nas fêmeas alimentadas com carnaúba levou a uma diminuição das reservas corporais, a qual provavelmente foi a principal causa da diminuição na tax...

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Timing and Extent of Embryonic Mortality in Pigs Sheep and Goats: Genetic Variability

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Revisiting summer infertility in the pig: could heat stress-induced sperm DNA damage negatively affect early embryo development?

Revisiting summer infertility in the pig: could heat stress-induced sperm DNA damage negatively affect early embryo development?

Components of prolificacy in hyperprolific Large White sows compared with the Meishan and Large White breeds

Post-partum reproductive activity and estrus synchronization responsiveness in anglonubian x sprd fed with dried carnauba wax palm fruit (Copernicia prunifera) long term

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