Timimoun’s foggara (Algeria): an heritage in danger

Rémini, Boualem; Achour, Bachir; Jean, A. M.

doi:10.1007/s12517-010-0139-9

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…La cohabitation de différentes formes d'agriculture, de la palmeraie classique étagée jusqu'aux plantations phoenicicoles en mono-culture ou encore les champs de blé sous pivot importé, interpelle les différents acteurs de la recherche et du développement depuis longtemps, selon différentes perspectives : les résultats mitigés de la « grande » mise en valeur, en particulier céréalière (Otmane et Kouzmine, 2013), l'exploitation intensive des eaux souterraines profondes et leurs impacts environnementaux et socioéconomiques (mise en péril des systèmes hydrauliques à foggara, par exemple ; Remini et al, 2011), ou encore la permanence et l'adaptation des paysanneries (Bisson, 1992 ;Bendjelid et al, 1999). Trois articles dans ce numéro thématique contribuent à ce débat « tradition-modernité ».…”

Section: Les Contributions Au Numéro Thématiqueunclassified

Les oasis en Afrique du Nord : dynamiques territoriales et durabilité des systèmes de production agricole

Bouaziz¹,

Hammani²,

Kuper³

2018

Cah. Agric.

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Résumé -Les oasis sahariennes ont connu des changements particulièrement profonds et déstabilisants dans la seconde moitié du 20 e siècle, s'accompagnant de transformations sociales, économiques, agricoles et environnementales. Aux oasis phoenicicoles étagées classiques, viennent s'adjoindre de nouvelles extensions ou projets agricoles à travers des initiatives étatiques ou locales. Dans un contexte où les formes d'agriculture les plus modernes et les plus traditionnelles sont juxtaposées, il est pertinent d'analyser à la fois les ruptures et les continuités entre ces différentes formes d'agriculture saharienne. C'est précisément dans le but de contribuer à améliorer et partager les connaissances sur les dynamiques agricoles et territoriales en cours dans les oasis en Afrique du Nord, que nous avons organisé un symposium international à Zagora, oasis de peuplement millénaire. Le présent numéro thématique prolonge cette discussion sur ces dynamiques au sein des anciennes et nouvelles oasis et leurs interrelations avec les modes d'élevage et les activités non agricoles. Les différentes contributions au numéro thématique montrent les risques induits par les changements rapides. Elles dévoilent aussi des oasis bien vivantes, dont la durabilité passe sans doute par la cohabitation d'initiatives diversifiées.Mots clés : oasis / Maghreb / eau souterraine / agriculture / palmier dattier Abstract -Oases in North Africa: territorial dynamics and sustainability of farming systems. The Saharan oases experienced particularly profound and destabilizing changes in the second half of the 20th century, accompanied by social, economic, agricultural and environmental transformations. New extensions and agricultural projects have been implemented through a multitude of state or local initiatives. In a context where the most modern and traditional forms of agriculture are juxtaposed, it is important to analyze not only the ruptures, but also the continuities between these different forms of Saharan agriculture. It is precisely with the aim of improving and sharing knowledge on the agricultural and territorial dynamics underway in the oases in North Africa, that we organized an international symposium in Zagora, a millennial settlement oasis. This thematic issue continues the discussion of these dynamics within the old and new oases and their interrelations with farming and non-agricultural activities. The various contributions to the thematic issue show the risks of rapid change. They also reveal living oases, whose sustainability will undoubtedly depend on the coexistence of diversified initiatives.

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Section: Les Contributions Au Numéro Thématiqueunclassified

Les oasis en Afrique du Nord : dynamiques territoriales et durabilité des systèmes de production agricole

Bouaziz¹,

Hammani²,

Kuper³

2018

Cah. Agric.

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“…For more than 10 centuries, the foggara has played a key role in the development and stabilization of oases in the regions of Touat, Gourara and Tidikelt. Based on a slightly inclined underground gallery, the water of the aquifer flows slowly over a length of about 10 km to reach the gardens located at a lower dimension than the piezometric line of the aquifer (250 m) (Remini 2017;Remini and Achour 2016;Remini et al 2011Remini et al , 2014a. Today, this ancestral hydraulic system still operates despite strong competition from other capture techniques such as motor pumps and drilling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a situation has led to a decrease in the flow of some foggaras and others have been completely dried up. Several cases have been reported in Gourara (Remini et al 2011). For example, the foggara of El Meghier one of the largest foggara of Gourara saw its flow decreases from 50 L/s in 1970 to 3 L/s in 2007 following the problem of pumping in the fields of foggaras (Remini and Achour 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The foggaras of Bouda (Algeria): from drought to flood

2018

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Based on investigations and flow gauges that we conducted in all the foggaras of the Bouda Oasis during the period: 2015-2018, this article examines an original hydraulic phenomenon that occurred recently in the oasis of Bouda in the wilaya of Adrar (Algeria). The exploitation of the boreholes made during the 1980s in the export field of foggaras caused a drying of foggaras water. However, in 2015, the remoteness of the well field and the supply of drinking water by the water resources services led to an increase in foggara flows. At first, it was good news for farmers, but over time the phenomenon became worrying for the population, since the flow has not yet stabilized. The phenomenon is starting to grow; sebkhas and palm groves are today flooded by the surplus of waters of foggaras.

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“…The Touat and Gourara regions are known as the country of foggaras in Algeria: over 1400 foggaras were inventoried in 2012 by the National Agency of Water Resources [7]. One hundred of the foggaras of the same type as those of Touat and Gourara were dug in the In Salah region [1], [8], [9], [10]. Indeed, in our literature searches on foggaras of Touat and Gourara we met little information and data on the foggaras in the area of Saoura.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Saoura Foggaras: Degradation of Hydraulic System Millennium Case of Beni Abbes, Ouakda, Beni Ounif and Lahmar (Algeria)

Rémini¹,

Rezoug²,

Hamoudi³

2017

GeoScience Engineering

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In this article, we studied, for the first time, the foggaras of Saoura. Five missions were carried out in the oases of Kerzaz, Lahmar, Boukais, Beni Ounif, Ouakda, and Beni Abbes during the years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The first results showed that there was a difference between the foggaras of Touat and those of Saoura. The galleries of Saoura are much shorter than those of Touat and Gourara. On the contrary, the distribution of water from the Touat and Gourara foggaras is carried out per unit volume, whereas from the Saoura foggaras per unit time. The foggaras we visited are practically in a degraded condition. The contribution of modern technology (pumps and wells) in the oases of Saoura is the principal cause of the decline of the hydraulic system millennium.

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Timimoun’s foggara (Algeria): an heritage in danger

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Les oasis en Afrique du Nord : dynamiques territoriales et durabilité des systèmes de production agricole

Les oasis en Afrique du Nord : dynamiques territoriales et durabilité des systèmes de production agricole

The foggaras of Bouda (Algeria): from drought to flood

The Saoura Foggaras: Degradation of Hydraulic System Millennium Case of Beni Abbes, Ouakda, Beni Ounif and Lahmar (Algeria)

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