Timely sown maize hybrids improve the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, nutrient acquisition and crop productivity

Zhiipao, R.R.; Pooniya, Vijay; Biswakarma, Niraj; Kumar, Dinesh; Shivay, Yashbir Singh; Dass, Anchal; Mukri, Ganapati; Lakhena, K. K.; Pandey, Rakesh; Bhatia, Arti; Govindasamy, Prabhu; Burman, Anamika; Jat, R. D.; Dhaka, A. K.; Swarnalakshmi, Karivaradharajan

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28224-9

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Therefore, the remobilization of assimilated from plant leaves and stover to the grain was not complete before the frost and this explains the highest nutrient contents in the plant biomass mass in the last two planting dates compared to the previous planting dates [ 69 ]. These results agreed with Zhiipao et al [ 70 ] who reported the maize leaf and stem phosphorus content was greater in the late sown crop than the timely planting, however, they indicated that maize leaf and stem contents in nitrogen and potassium at maturity were greater in the on-time planting crops than in the delayed planted crops.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Plant nutrient removal and soil residual chemical properties as impacted by maize planting date and density

Djaman,

Puppala

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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This study aimed to measure maize (Zea mays) plant nutrient content and nutrient removal in grain, and to evaluate the residual soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as impacted by planting date and density. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate six plant densities and seven planting dates using a split-split plot design with three replications. Besides the crop growth and yield parameters, six plants were collected at the maturity and soil was sampled from each plot for nutrient analysis. Plant N, P, and K concentrations varied with planting date and density and within the ranges of 0.6–1.024%, 0.054–0.127%, and 0.75–1.71%, respectively. Grain N, P, and K concentrations decreased with plant density and varied from 1.059 to 1.558%, 0.20 to 0.319%, and 0.29 to 0.43%, respectively. Soil residual nutrient varied with depth, planting density and date. Residual N concentration in the topsoil varied from 0.6 to 37.2 mg kg-1 in 2019 and from 1.5 to 11.2 mg kg-1 in 2020 and was high under the last two planting dates. Soil residual N concentration was higher in the second layer than in the topsoil. The N concentration in the third layer varied from 0.1 to 33.2 mg kg-1 and was impacted by plant density. Topsoil P did not vary among planting dates and densities. The second and third soil layers P concentration was not affected. There was 83% increase in topsoil K in 2020 compared to 2019, and a decrease of 65 and 23% in soil K was observed in the second and third soil layers, respectively. For maize production system sustainability, future research should use a holistic approach investigating the impact of planting date, plant density on crop growth, yield, nutrient uptake and remobilization, and soil properties under different fertilizer rates to develop the fertilizer recommendation for maize while reducing the environmental impact of the production system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Plant nutrient removal and soil residual chemical properties as impacted by maize planting date and density

Djaman,

Puppala

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Despite the two cultivars being among the top cross hybrids in the East Africa region, the model calibration results indicated that H614 require more heat units to attain anthesis and reach physiological maturity. Longer growth duration in long‐maturing varieties compounded by optimal weather conditions at critical crop phases increases dry matter accumulation and allocation to kernels, thus improving crop productivity (G. Liu et al., 2023; Zhiipao et al., 2023). The varied response of SDs and cultivars on maize yield aligns with other studies conducted in the African agricultural systems (Adnan et al., 2017; Tesfaye et al., 2017; Tofa et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic management response in maize (Zea mays L.) production across three agroecological zones of Kenya

Kipkulei,

Bellingrath‐Kimura,

Lana

et al. 2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in Kenya has witnessed a decline attributed to the effects of climate change and biophysical constraints. The assessment of agronomic practices across agroecological zones (AEZs) is limited by inadequate data quality, hindering a precise evaluation of maize yield on a large scale. In this study, we employed the DSSAT‐CERES‐Maize crop model (where CERES is Crop Environment Resource Synthesis and DSSAT is Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) to investigate the impacts of different agronomic practices on maize yield across different AEZs in two counties of Kenya. The model was calibrated and evaluated with observed grain yield, biomass, leaf area index, phenology, and soil water content from 2‐year experiments. Remote sensing (RS) images derived from the Sentinel‐2 satellite were integrated to delineate maize areas, and the resulting information was merged with DSSAT‐CERES‐Maize yield simulations. This facilitated a comprehensive quantification of various agronomic measures at pixel scales. Evaluation of agronomic measures revealed that sowing dates and cultivar types significantly influenced maize yield across the AEZs. Notably, AEZ II and AEZ III exhibited elevated yields when implementing combined practices of early sowing and cultivar H614. The impacts of optimal management practices varied across the AEZs, resulting in yield increases of 81, 115, and 202 kg ha−1 in AEZ I, AEZ II, and AEZ III, respectively. This study underscores the potential of the CERES‐Maize model and high‐resolution RS data in estimating production at larger scales. Furthermore, this integrated approach holds promise for supporting agricultural decision‐making and designing optimal strategies to enhance productivity while accounting for site‐specific conditions.

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“…The samples were air-dried in a perforated brown paper bag and then oven-dried at 65 ± 2°C to a constant weight. The ovendried samples of each plant part were weighed separately, and the obtained values were used for the determination of dry matter accumulation (DMA), remobilization (DMR), remobilization efficiency (DMRE) and contribution to the grain yield (DMRG) using Equation 1 (Ntanos & Koutroubas, 2002;Zhiipao et al, 2023). The nutrients' (N, P and K) concentration in different plant parts were analysed by employing modified kjeldahl digestion process for total-N, Vanadomolybdo-phosphoric acid method for total-P and flame photometer for total-K (Prasad et al, 2006).…”

Section: Plant Observations Sampling and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of genotypes grown under different environments can be evaluated using various stress indices viz., geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI) and stress tolerance index (STI), which have often been used in screening the genotypes (Jamshidi & Javanmard, 2018; Tyagi et al., 2020). In addition, the rooting pattern of crop could further benefit the performance and its capability to adapt under stress and non‐stress environments, as root systems have direct impact on shoot growth particularly in the formation of grain (Zhiipao et al., 2023). Further, crop genotypes with greater root length density (RLD) and total root length have been reported to improve the acquisition of nutrients and water, thereby enhanced the shoot biomass and photosynthetic activity resulting in more yield stability (Tran et al., 2015) under the varied environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late‐sown stress afflict post‐anthesis dry matter and nutrient partitioning and their remobilization in aestivum wheat genotypes

Zhiipao,

Pooniya,

Kumar

et al. 2024

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Timely sowing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial agronomic measure to realize its genetic yield potential, particularly under ever‐changing climatic conditions. The present study appraised the genotypic variations of wheat genotypes for dry matter and nutrients' accumulation, partitioning, remobilization and stress indices under timely and late sown conditions of irrigated semi‐arid ecology. Five potential wheat genotypes viz. HD‐2967, HD‐3086, HD‐3249, DBW‐187 and HD‐3226 were evaluated under field conditions, however, the studies for root‐system traits were made in PVC tubes. Timely sown wheat had grain yield advantage of 18%, and genotypes DBW‐187 (5.77 t ha−1) and HD‐2967 (4.78 t ha−1) produced the highest grain yield under the timely and late sown conditions respectively. The days (d) to anthesis and grain filling period under the late sown was hastened by 5.2 d, and shortened by 7.4 d. Timely sowing enhanced the post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation and remobilization to the tune of 18.8% and 23% respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated post‐anthesis and their remobilization under the timely sown was significantly greater than the late sown, while the contribution of remobilization to grain content was higher under the late sown except for the nitrogen. The canopy temperature was cooler by 2°C under the timely sown, while the canopy temperature depression was greater by 0.8–1.04°C, at anthesis and dough stages of the crop. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD meter value) at anthesis and dough stages improved by 10% and 7.6% due to timely sowing. The genotypes HD‐2967 and HD‐3249 had relatively greater geometric mean productivity and stress tolerance index coupled with a comparatively higher yield stability index. Further, the root‐system traits, that is, total root length (TRL), root biomass and root length density (RLD) were significantly superior both at 50 DAS (days after sowing) and at anthesis under the timely sown compared to the late sown. This study clearly outlined that timely sowing of wheat resulted in higher post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation, nutrient acquisition and remobilization along with improved root‐system traits and grain yield. Screening of the genotypes, based on stress indices would result in a better understanding of the genotypic performance and improve the genetic yield potential under varying environmental conditions.

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Timely sown maize hybrids improve the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, nutrient acquisition and crop productivity

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Plant nutrient removal and soil residual chemical properties as impacted by maize planting date and density

Plant nutrient removal and soil residual chemical properties as impacted by maize planting date and density

Agronomic management response in maize (Zea mays L.) production across three agroecological zones of Kenya

Late‐sown stress afflict post‐anthesis dry matter and nutrient partitioning and their remobilization in aestivum wheat genotypes

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