Timely Diagnosis of Congenital Infections

Stamos, Julie Kim; Rowley, Anne H.

doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38843-5

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The acronym TORCH [toxoplasmosis, 'other', rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2)] was introduced two decades ago to refer to those pathogens causing infection in utero, presenting with similar clinical features [1]. The 'O' in TORCH (other) includes a list of pathogens that grows longer over time, including not only syphilis and varicella (VZV), but also newer pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and parvovirus B19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TORCH Agents in Pregnant Saudi Women

Ghazi¹,

Telmesani

Mahomed³

2002

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To determine the seroprevalence rates of IgG to common TORCH agents in pregnant Saudi women using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subjects and Methods: A total of 926 samples of sera were tested for antibodies to TORCH agents known to cause serious congenital infections: Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Results: Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were detected in 35.6%, CMV total IgG antibodies were found in 92.1%, rubella IgG antibodies in 93.3%, HSV-1 IgG antibodies in 90.9%, HSV-2 IgG in 27.1%, and VZV IgG antibodies in 74.4%. A 0% seroprevalence rate for HIV-1 and -2 was found. Conclusion: Pregnant Saudi women commonly have IgG antibodies to rubella, CMV, HSV-1 and -2, VZV, and T. gondii. Serological evidence of HIV infection was not observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fetus expresses passive immunity to a variety of antigens despite lack of antigenic experience. This transfer of IgG is conferred by the intrinsic structure of Fc rather than the Fab protein of the IgG [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TORCH Agents in Pregnant Saudi Women

Ghazi¹,

Telmesani

Mahomed³

2002

Med Princ Pract

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“…Aufgrund der Differentialdiagnose einer konnatalen Toxoplasmose, die durch die serologischen Daten der Mutter und den Augenbefund des Kindes gestützt wurden, führten wir eine Therapie mit Pyrimethamin Heyl 1 mg/kg Körpergewicht/Tag, Sulfadiazin 50 mg/kg Körpergewicht pro Tag per Os 4 Wochen lang durch, gemäß der Therapieempfehlung der DEUTSCHEN GE-SELLSCHAFT FÜR PÄDIATRISCHE INFEK-TIOLOGIE [5,8,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Therapieversuchunclassified

Differentialdiagnose einer konnatalen Toxoplasmose bei Verdacht auf Embryopathie mit Pigmentstörungen der Netzhaut

Kevekordes-Stade

Naehrlich

Döbig

et al. 1999

Monatsschr Kinderheilkd

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“…There is a trend toward abandoning the term TORCH, since the category of other organisms is large and the remaining four entities have clinical features that may allow for a specific diagnosis. 23 The clinical picture of congenital toxoplasmosis is dominated by central nervous system malformations, with ocular and neurologic findings. Additional manifestations include myocarditis, pneumonitis, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and gastrointestinal problems.…”

Section: Ifferential D Iagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Case 18-1996

Lerner¹,

Bailey²

1996

N Engl J Med

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A newborn boy was admitted to the hospital because of a rash and respiratory distress.The infant was born at 3:35 p.m. by cesarean section at 34 weeks' gestation to a 37-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 2). The pregnancy had been complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus, which was controlled by diet, and by "bronchitis" during the two months before delivery; the mother was treated with amoxicillin. She also used an iron preparation and multivitamin tablets during the gestation. She reported that she had had varicella in childhood; did not use other medications, illicit drugs, alcohol, or tobacco; and had no other infections and no rash during the pregnancy. Prenatal screening tests showed that the mother's blood group was O, Rhpositive, with immunity to rubella; serologic tests were negative for syphilis and hepatitis B surface antigen. During the three days before delivery, the mother experienced a decrease in fetal movements, and on the day of the birth, fetal ultrasound tracings were reported to contain decelerations. After the infant had been delivered by cesarean section, the Apgar scores were 4 at 1 minute and 6 at 5 and 10 minutes, and intermittent assisted ventilation was required. Examination of the boy showed generalized vesicles, some of which were hemorrhagic, and prominent lymphadenopathy. Ampicillin and gentamicin were administered intravenously, and the trachea was intubated. A radiograph of the chest and abdomen (Fig. 1) showed, in addition to an endotracheal tube, diffuse bilateral reticulonodular opacities, a small right pleural effusion, and hepatosplenomegaly. During the infant's transport to this hospital, many more vesicles became hemorrhagic. He was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at 7:29 p.m.Both parents, a six-year-old sister, and a seven-yearold brother were well. The mother worked in a day-care facility.The infant's temperature was 36.9 ° C, and his pulse was 156; respirations were 35 with mechanical ventila-tion; his blood pressure was 50/25 mm Hg, with a mean arterial pressure of 38 mm Hg. His weight was 2.45 kg. The ventilator pressure was 30/5 mm Hg, and the inspired fraction of oxygen was 55 percent.On physical examination, the infant had innumerable vesicles, 2 to 5 mm in diameter, distributed over the skin and the palate, without being clustered (Fig. 2). Firm, matted lymph nodes, 1 to 3 cm in diameter, were Figure 1. Radiograph of the Chest and Abdomen Obtained on Admission, Showing Diffuse Reticulonodular Opacities in the Lungs and Hepatosplenomegaly.Figure 2. Hemorrhagic Vesicles on the Foot.

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Timely Diagnosis of Congenital Infections

Cited by 42 publications

References 59 publications

TORCH Agents in Pregnant Saudi Women

TORCH Agents in Pregnant Saudi Women

Differentialdiagnose einer konnatalen Toxoplasmose bei Verdacht auf Embryopathie mit Pigmentstörungen der Netzhaut

Case 18-1996

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