Time Variability of the Foliated Fixed Wireless Access Channel at 3.5 GHz

Crosby, Dave; Abhayawardhana, V.S.; Wassell, I.J.; Brown, MJ; Sellars, M.P.

doi:10.1109/vetecs.2005.1543259

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, they reported that the Rician K factor was found to vary exponentially with wind speed at frequencies of 0.9 GHz, 2 GHz, 12 GHz and 17 GHz in the controlled (anechoic chamber) and outdoor environments. However, different from their observations, the median Rician K factor in [52] is found to be approximately inversely proportional to averaged wind speed empirically based on the outdoor experimental data for a link up to 17 km over a period of 1 year at 3.5 GHz. Similar work for statistical Table 2.…”

Section: Wind Effectcontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Recently, the relationship between the Rician K factor and averaged wind speed is found to be linear at 1.9 GHz as reported in [54]. From these works [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54], it can be observed that the windinduced motion of the foliage medium can vary the tree shadowing effect temporally, and the temporal variation of the shadowing can be statistically modeled. Rician K factor is usually used to characterize the temporal shadowing effect.…”

Section: Model Expressionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…While the change in the humidity of the foliage medium can vary the dielectric parameters (conductivity and permittivity) of the trees and then influence the signal propagation. From the open literature, large amount of the empirical works have contributed to the investigations of the wind induced temporal power variation [19,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] and humidity increased foliage attenuation [55,56]. They will be discussed in the following respectively.…”

Section: Empirical Characterization Of the Shadowing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Meng¹,

Lee²

2010

PIER

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Abstract-In this paper, a large number of studies of the effect of the foliage on single or lines of trees on modern wireless communication systems are reviewed. The paper is focused on the experimental works mainly done for commercial applications such as cellular communication and high speed point-to-point fixed link at the microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. For this review study, the development of the foliage loss prediction methods and the factors influencing the tree-induced shadowing effect are highlighted. In view of current research work in this area, some possible future works are proposed to improve the performance of modern wireless communication systems with the effect of foliage.

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Section: Wind Effectcontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Model Expressionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Empirical Characterization Of the Shadowing Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Meng¹,

Lee²

2010

PIER

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“…It has been previously shown that the temporal characteristics of the fixed wireless channel follow a Rice distribution with the strongest impact being caused by wind and foliage [13,14]. The Rice distribution is characterized by a direct path, LOS component as well as multipath, scattered components existing in the received signal.…”

Section: Multipath Fading Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Analysis of IEEE 802.16 Mesh Networks

Dominiak

Bayer

Habermann

et al. 2007

2007 2nd IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Broadband Convergence Networks

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The problem of terminal-pair reliability has been extensively studied for wired computer networks, however comparatively less research has been done on the reliability of wireless networks. With mesh networks becoming a more attractive option than the traditional pointto-multipoint network design due to extended coverage and increased overall link quality, a method is needed to evaluate the added reliability obtained through the available path diversity in fixed wireless mesh networks. Methods are available to evaluate the reliability of wired networks, however they do not take into account the outage conditions found in a wireless environment such as multipath fading and interference. This paper combines the currently available reliability algorithms for wired networks along with methods to calculate the link and node outage in a fixed station IEEE 802.16 environment in order the simulate the reliability of a mesh subscriber station's connection to the base station. An example calculation is also provided.

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“…On the other hand, mainly suburban and rural areas are commonly surrounded by a large number of trees and hills. The presence of trees along the propagation path induces a significant signal fading on the radio wave propagation at frequencies above 1 GHz (Crosby, Abhayawardhana, Wassell, Brown, & Sellars 2005;Liou et al, 2009). Generally, trees appear as a single tree, line of trees or group of trees resulting in a different fading impact on the radio wave even at the same operating frequency (Ndzi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of wind and rain effects in a foliated tropical region for fixed wireless access

Muhammad

Rahman

Rahim

et al. 2013

International Journal of Electronics

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This paper investigates the effects of trees on fixed wireless access operating at 5.8 GHz frequency of the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) band. Measurements are focused on the temporal scale of the received signal strength for a three different links (one line of sight (LOS) link and two non-line of sight (NLOS) link). The statistical characterisation of the combined effects of typical weather phenomena often experienced in a tropical region is presented. As expected, the LOS link is not affected even during heavy rain condition. However, the presence of trees in the vicinity of the transmission path can cause relevant signal deterioration in the case of NLOS link, where the fading of the received signal varies from 2 to 16 dB as the strength of wind and rain increases. Rician distribution can be used to characterise the temporal variation of these weather effects. The work reported in this paper enables the effects of wind, rain and humidity to be properly taken into consideration in the deployment of fixed wireless links in a foliated channel, allowing an optimisation of planning for the end users.

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Time Variability of the Foliated Fixed Wireless Access Channel at 3.5 GHz

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Investigations of Foliage Effect on Modern Wireless Communication Systems: A Review

Reliability Analysis of IEEE 802.16 Mesh Networks

Investigation of wind and rain effects in a foliated tropical region for fixed wireless access

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