Time variability of the Enceladus plumes: Orbital periods, decadal periods, and aperiodic change

Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Ewald, S. P.; Trumbo, Samantha K.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.06.006

Cited by 32 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Figure 3e shows that the maximum of

u_{n}

is delayed by up to

0.1 P

for the models with friction compared to the frictionless model. However, the maxima of

normalΔ u_{n}

for all the models are still several hours advanced with respect to the observed brightness maximum (occurring at

t \approx 0.55 P

, Ingersoll et al., 2020). It is noteworthy, however, that the brightness maximum coincides with the phase when

normalΔ u_{normaln >} 0

(the faults are “open”) and occurs shortly before

u_{normals normall normali normalp}

attains its (secondary) local maximum.…”

Section: Deformation Of the Ice Shellmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The plume samples collected by Cassini hint at a hydrothermal system in the deep interior (Hsu et al., 2015; Waite et al., 2017), making Enceladus one of the top candidates for hosting extraterrestrial life (Angelis et al., 2021). The activity of the jet plumes varies significantly depending on the position of Enceladus in its orbit, which indicates that the activity is related to periodic variations in tidal stress (Hedman et al., 2013; Hurford et al., 2007; Ingersoll et al., 2020; Nimmo et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enceladus' Tiger Stripes as Frictional Faults: Effect on Stress and Heat Production

Sládková

Souček

Běhounková

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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We propose a new model of Enceladus' tiger stripes in which the ice shell is modeled as an elastic system with Coulomb‐type frictional interfaces subjected to periodic tidal loading. We find that the diurnal tides produce a complex pattern of stress anomalies, characterized by a length scale of tens of km and the peak values exceeding 100 kPa. Friction delays the response of the system to tidal loading and leads to an asymmetry between the compression and extension phases. This asymmetry results in additional stress, constant in time and comparable in magnitude to the cyclic stress. This static stress field is characterized by compression in the direction perpendicular to the faults and may influence the evolution of the south polar region on geological time scales. The total heat flow generated by friction is 0.1–1 GW, accounting for only a small fraction of the heat power emitted from the tiger stripes.

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“…Figure 3e shows that the maximum of

u_{n}

is delayed by up to

0.1 P

for the models with friction compared to the frictionless model. However, the maxima of

normalΔ u_{n}

for all the models are still several hours advanced with respect to the observed brightness maximum (occurring at

t \approx 0.55 P

, Ingersoll et al., 2020). It is noteworthy, however, that the brightness maximum coincides with the phase when

normalΔ u_{normaln >} 0

(the faults are “open”) and occurs shortly before

u_{normals normall normali normalp}

attains its (secondary) local maximum.…”

Section: Deformation Of the Ice Shellmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enceladus' Tiger Stripes as Frictional Faults: Effect on Stress and Heat Production

Sládková

Souček

Běhounková

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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show abstract

“…Thus, the effect of the UV radiation only would be effective in the surface of the icy moons. However, one might establish a transport of in/organic materials between the liquid subsurface and the frozen surface owing to the presence of the plumes observed on Enceladus and potentially on Europa (e.g., Hansen et al, 2020;Ingersoll et al, 2020;Pasek, 2020;Quick and Hedman, 2020). In this way, one chemistry might be observed in the water-ice interfaces of the subsurfaces and the other one in the water-ice interfaces of the frost layer of the surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Cyanide at Water-Ice Interfaces: Implications for the Search for Organics on Icy Worlds

Marín-Yaseli

González-Toril

Ruíz-Bermejo

2020

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Icy moons in our solar system are targets of interest to search for signs of life and habitability beyond Earth. They are the astrobiological aim for several developing space missions (JUICE, Europa Clipper, and Europa Lander). A further understanding of the processes that force a planetary object to develop a biological system and to develop habitability conditions could be obtained by adopting a prebiotic chemistry point of view. In this regard, it is highly interesting to search for organic compounds synthesized from cyanide since it has been proposed that polymerization of NH 4 CN would be applicable to icy planetary environments. Thus, the effect of water freeze-thaw cycles, UV-radiation and salts on the polymerization of NH 4 CN was explored as an approach to understand the possible organic chemistry of icy worlds. As a result, insoluble and soluble NH 4 CN polymers, synthesized under multiple conditions, were analyzed by GC-MS. A diverse set of amino acids, carboxylic acids, and several N-heterocycles were identified. Glyoxylic acid was detected under particular reaction conditions, extending the plausible favorable conditions for the emergence of this molecule, referred to as the "glyoxylate scenario." In addition, the GC-MS results were studied by multivariate analysis, showing that the ice-water interfaces may be ideal places to develop complex organic chemistry from a carbon source as simple as cyanide.

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“…These jets provide samples of a subsurface ocean, which were analyzed in situ by the Cassini spacecraft 52 and could in principle be captured and/or returned to Earth for further study ( ⥉ 53 Neveu et al WP). The jets merge to form a plume, which varies in strength over an individual orbital cycle 54 and also on multi-year timescales 55 . This periodic diurnal behavior is almost certainly due to diurnal tidal stresses causing the opening and closing of fractures 56 ; the mechanism for the longer-period behavior is still under investigation.…”

Section: Enceladusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Further Studies and Missions to Understand Cryovolcanism

Walker

Singer

Craft

et al. 2021

Bulletin of the AAS

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Time variability of the Enceladus plumes: Orbital periods, decadal periods, and aperiodic change

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Enceladus' Tiger Stripes as Frictional Faults: Effect on Stress and Heat Production

Enceladus' Tiger Stripes as Frictional Faults: Effect on Stress and Heat Production

Reactivity of Cyanide at Water-Ice Interfaces: Implications for the Search for Organics on Icy Worlds

The Importance of Further Studies and Missions to Understand Cryovolcanism

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