Time-triggered implementations of mixed-criticality automotive software

Goswami,; Lukasiewycz,; Schneider, Thomas; Chakraborty, Samarjit

doi:10.1109/date.2012.6176680

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previously, the literature considers either the stability and worstcase control performance or the expected control performance, except for the simple case of time-triggered and static-cyclic scheduling policies [RS00,GLSC12]. In these approaches, eliminating the element of jitter or focusing on fixed delay patterns makes the analysis straightforward.…”

Section: Control-quality Driven Design With Stability Guaranteesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [GSC11a], the authors consider a more flexible delay constraint model compared to [GLSC12], where not all the control task executions meet their deadlines. In this way, the authors avoid designing the controller for the worst-case sensor-actuator delay.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STATE OF THE ART 7 systems [SBE + 12]. Goswami et al [GLSC12] propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for time-triggered implementation of control and time-critical applications in the automotive domain. Since they do not consider the effect of jitter on the stability of control applications, either the periods should be in harmonic relations, or the worst-case delay should be considered.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Embedded Control Systems

Aminifar

2016

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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T oday, many embedded or cyber-physical systems, e.g., in the automotive domain, comprise several control applications, sharing the same platform. It is well known that such resource sharing leads to complex temporal behaviors that degrades the quality of control, and more importantly, may even jeopardize stability in the worst case, if not properly taken into account.In this thesis, we consider embedded control or cyber-physical systems, where several control applications share the same processing unit. The focus is on the control-scheduling co-design problem, where the controller and scheduling parameters are jointly optimized. The fundamental difference between control applications and traditional embedded applications motivates the need for novel methodologies for the design and optimization of embedded control systems. This thesis is one more step towards correct design and optimization of embedded control systems.Offline and online methodologies for embedded control systems are covered in this thesis. The importance of considering both the expected control performance and stability is discussed and a controlscheduling co-design methodology is proposed to optimize control performance while guaranteeing stability. Orthogonal to this, bandwidthefficient stabilizing control servers are proposed, which support compositionality, isolation, and resource-efficiency in design and co-design. Finally, we extend the scope of the proposed approach to non-periodic control schemes and address the challenges in sharing the platform with self-triggered controllers. In addition to offline methodologies, v a novel online scheduling policy to stabilize control applications is proposed. The research presented in this thesis has been partially funded by CUGS (the National Graduate School in Computer Science in Sweden), Ericsson's Research Foundation, eLLIIT (Excellence Center at Linköping-Lund on Information Technology), and the Swedish Research Council.Populärvetenskaplig Sammanfattning I dag omfattar många inbyggda system flera styrapplikationer som delar samma plattform. Dessa system används inom exempelvis bilindustrin, processindustrin och flygelektronik, för att nämna några. Det är välkänt att en sådan resursdelning leder till komplexa tidsbeteenden som försämrar kvaliteten på regleringen och i värsta fall kan även stabiliteten förloras.I denna avhandling betraktar vi inbyggda styrsystem, där flera styrapplikationer delar samma behandlingsenhet. Här har vi valt att fokusera på reglering-schemaläggning co-designproblemet. Till skillnad från traditionella inbyggda system där regleringsparametrarna och schemaläggningsparametrarna optimeras separat, behöver vi nu för inbyggda styrsystem optimera dessa samtidigt, vilket ger upphov till nya metoder. Denna avhandling är ytterligare ett steg mot effektiv design och optimering av inbyggda styrsystem.vii

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Section: Control-quality Driven Design With Stability Guaranteesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Embedded Control Systems

Aminifar

2016

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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“…Therefore, in order to achieve high control performance while guaranteeing stability even in the worst case, it is essential to consider the timing behavior extracted from the system schedule during control synthesis, and to consider both control performance and stability during system scheduling. The issue of control-scheduling co-design [2] has become a notable research direction in recent years, and there have been several solution attempts aimed at this problem [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In spite of the fact that considering both control performance and stability is of great importance, previous work only focuses on one of these two aspects.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-Quality Driven Design of Cyber-Physical Systems with Robustness Guarantees

Aminifar

Eles

Peng

et al. 2013

Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE), 2013

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Abstract-Many cyber-physical systems comprise several control applications sharing communication and computation resources. The design of such systems requires special attention due to the complex timing behavior that can lead to poor control quality or even instability. The two main requirements of control applications are: (1) robustness and, in particular, stability and (2) high control quality. Although it is essential to guarantee stability and provide a certain degree of robustness even in the worst-case scenario, a design procedure which merely takes the worst-case scenario into consideration can lead to a poor expected (averagecase) control quality, since the design is solely tuned to a scenario that occurs very rarely. On the other hand, considering only the expected quality of control does not necessarily provide robustness and stability in the worst-case. Therefore, both the robustness and the expected control quality should be taken into account in the design process. This paper presents an efficient and integrated approach for designing high-quality cyberphysical systems with robustness guarantees.

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“…However, a shorter sampling period implies a higher requirement on resources (i.e., higher computation on processors, larger data on the bus). In this context, a cost-effective design requires sharing a resource among multiple applications [5]. Further, resource sharing generally introduces interferences between applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composable Platform-Aware Embedded Control Systems on a Multi-core Architecture

Valencia

Goswami

Goossens

2015

2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design

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Abstract-In this work, we propose a design flow for efficient implementation of embedded feedback control systems targeted for multi-core platforms. We consider a composable tile-based architecture as an implementation platform and realise the proposed design flow onto one instance of this architecture. The proposed design flow implements the feedback loops in a datadriven fashion leading to time-varying sampling periods with short average sampling period. Our design flow is composed of two phases: (i) representing the timing behaviour imposed by the platform by a finite and known set of sampling periods, which is achieved exploiting the composability of the platform, and (ii) a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based platform-aware control algorithm that explicitly takes the derived platform timing characteristics and the shorter average sampling period into account. Our results show that the platform-aware implementation outperforms traditional control design flows (i.e., almost 2 times) in terms of quality of control (QoC).

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Time-triggered implementations of mixed-criticality automotive software

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Embedded Control Systems

Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Embedded Control Systems

Control-Quality Driven Design of Cyber-Physical Systems with Robustness Guarantees

Composable Platform-Aware Embedded Control Systems on a Multi-core Architecture

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