Time trends of obesity in pre-school children in China from 1989 to 1997

Luo, Juhua; Hu, FB

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801944

Cited by 123 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…3,4,[23][24][25] Our results indicate a higher prevalence of obesity than reported by Rolland-Cachera et al, 21 who found a prevalence of 14% for overweight and 3.9% for obesity using the same criteria in a randomly selected sample of 7-to 9-y-old French children. The present study was conducted in northern France, which is characterised by the highest prevalence of adult obesity in the country.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Influence of social class on time trends in BMI distribution in 5-year-old French children from 1989 to 1999

Romon

Duhamel²,

Collinet³

et al. 2004

Int J Obes

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AIMS:To assess the prevalence of obesity and changes in body mass index (BMI) distribution between 1989 and 1999 in 5-y-old children, and to study the influence of parental socioeconomic status on these parameters. METHODS: Two cohorts of children in the final year of nursery school (in the city of Lille, France) were enrolled in 1989 (705 children: mean age ¼ 5.670.4 y) and 1999 (1258 children: mean age ¼ 5.670.5 y). Weight and height were measured, and data about parental occupation were collected during a school medical examination. International Obesity Task Force cutoff points were used to define overweight and obesity. Parental occupation was classified into four categories. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity increased from 1.8 to 4.9%, and the prevalence of overweight rose from 9.6 to 16.9%. Mean-difference plots allowed qualitative comparisons of the BMI distribution between the surveys: for children from the highest social classes, there was no change in BMI; for children from intermediate classes, there was a up-shift only in the upper part of the distribution with the heaviest children becoming heavier still; finally, for children from the lowest class, there was an increase in BMI across the entire population. CONCLUSIONS: This study of the changes in BMI distribution gives greater insight into the 'obesity epidemic'. Our results show the influence of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The increase in BMI in the upper part of the distribution suggests that this is a population with a high degree of susceptibility, whereas the increase in BMI across the whole population in the lowest social class suggests a strong influence of the environment on this group and thus the necessity of appropriate, preventive measures. IntroductionThe increasing rate of adult obesity worldwide has been paralleled by similar (and often even greater) increases in the proportion of overweight children. In the United States, the prevalences of overweight in children and adolescents have doubled and almost tripled respectively since the 1960s. 1 These trends have been observed in all parts of the worldFin affluent societies 2-5 as well as in developing countries. 6 However, most previous studies have used different definitions of childhood obesity, and thus reported trends were difficult to compare internationally. Recently, the Childhood Obesity Working Group proposed a new international body mass index (BMI) reference for defining overweight and obesity for children and adolescents aged 2-18 y. 7 These cutoff values are based on pooled international data for BMI, and are linked to the attainment of adult cutoff points of 25 and 30 kg/m 2 for obesity and overweight, respectively.These cutoff values enable us to compare the prevalence of obesity and overweight between countries but do not fully explain changes in BMI distribution within a population. An increase in mean BMI may be attributable to either a shift in E-mail: mromon@univ-lille2.fr M Romon supervised the survey and analysis of data and prepa...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Influence of social class on time trends in BMI distribution in 5-year-old French children from 1989 to 1999

Romon

Duhamel²,

Collinet³

et al. 2004

Int J Obes

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“…2,3,8,[10][11][12] Numerous studies have also shown that increased energy intake and sedentary lifestyle are the two characteristics that are most strongly associated with the increased prevalence of overweight worldwide. 30 Another important reason for this tendency is also the lack of physical activity in children's lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] Moreover, the most recent studies from various parts of the world indicate that this trend seems to affect even preschool children aged 2-6 years. [8][9][10][11][12] Recently, more attention has been given in epidemiological studies to tracking, which is defined as the maintenance of relative position in the rank of risk factors over time. For example, subjects who rank high for unfavourable risk profiles at a young age are likely to maintain their ranks into adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking of overweight from early childhood to adolescence in cohorts born 1988 and 1994: overweight in a high birth weight population

et al. 2006

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence and tracking of overweight and obesity in childhood cohorts born 1988 and 1994 in a population of high birth weight. Subjects: Icelandic cohorts born in 1988 and 1994. Materials and methods: Out of 1328, 9-and 15-year-old children from 18 randomly selected schools all over Iceland, 934 participated (71%). Height and mass were measured by the investigators. Also, height and mass at birth, and at age 2.5, 6, 9, and 12 years, were collected from maternity wards and school health registers. Results: The prevalence of overweight children ranged from 10.1% for 2.5-year-olds to 18.7% for 9-year-olds. No difference was observed between the two cohorts or sex. The prevalence of obesity in the 1994 cohort (4.3%) was significantly higher (P ¼ 0.01) at age 6 years, compared to the 1988 cohort (1.1%). The children who were overweight at age 2.5 years were more likely to be overweight at age 6 (OR ¼ 12.2) and 9 years (OR ¼ 4.9), but not significantly at age 12 or 15 years, compared with normal weight 2.5-year-olds. Overweight children at age 6 or 9 years were much more likely (OR 10.4 and OR 18.6, respectively) to be overweight at age 15 years compared to their normal weight peers. Of overweight 6-year-olds, 51% were overweight at 15 years, and were about one-third of all overweight children at that age. The children that weighed above the 85th percentile at birth were more likely than the other children to be overweight at the age of 6 years (OR ¼ 1.8), 9 years (OR ¼ 2.1), and 15 (OR ¼ 2.0) years. Conclusion:The results show high prevalence of overweight and obesity even before the start of compulsory schooling. Approximately, 51% of overweight 6-year-olds were still overweight after puberty. Therefore, preschool overweight prevention, along with prevention at school age, seems to be of uttermost importance.

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“…Early age at menarche, later age at marriage, later age at menopause (with longer period of menstruation) may also partly explain the increasing trend. 50 Changes in diet with an overall increase in dietary calories and a reduction in physical activity levels, particularly among urban residents (caused by the increased industrialization, life style and leisure activities transformation), 51 with a resulting in an increase in obesity, 52 have been shown to increase risk of breast cancer in China, as elsewhere. 53,54 Conclusions Population-based cancer incidence data are widely used in research 55 and in the decision-making process with respect to cancer control planning and evaluation by local or national authorities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Qidong, China, 1978–2002

Chen

Zhu

Parkin

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A population-based cancer registry was established in Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China, in 1972, and the trends in incidence rates of the major cancer sites have been analyzed for a 25-year period, 1978-2002. Five-year age-specific rates, crude incidence rates, world age-standardized rates (ASR), percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated using annual data on population size, and estimates of its age structure. The indices of histological verification of diagnosis, death certificate only and proportion of mortality to incidence were employed for assessing the registration quality. A total of 51,933 incident cases of cancer were registered in Qidong from years 1978 to 2002, with a maleto-female sex ratio of 1.9:1. Crude incidence increased markedly over the 25-year period (PC and APC of 155.6% and 12.1%, respectively), but ASR showed a slight decrease (20.4% in males, and 20.3% in females), indicating that the major part of this is due to population ageing. The leading cancer sites in rank were liver (average ASR 5 50.8 per 100,000), stomach (26.7), lung (22.7), colon-rectum (8.9), oesophagus (7.4) and breast (5.4). Cancers of liver, lung, colon-rectum and female breast all showed increases in incidence during the study period, with APCs (ASR) of 10.1%, 11.7% and 11.4% for males, and 10.2%, 10.9%, 11.9% and 11.1% for females, while the cancers of stomach (APC: 23.2% in male, and 22.4% in female) and cervix (APC: 24.7%) showed notable declines. Examination of age-specific rates showed declining trends in the younger generations for liver cancer, but increases for cervix cancer. The results underline the increasing importance of cancer as a cause of mortality and morbidity in a population that is ageing and undergoing profound changes in socioeconomic development and lifestyle. The cancers of high lethality that have been common in the Chinese population (liver, stomach, oesophagus) are showing some evidence of decline, at least in younger generations, but they remain major problems. At the same time, the cancers associated with economically ''developed'' societies-lung, colon-rectum and female breastare showing increases. The population-based cancer registry is an indispensable tool for providing data for planning and evaluation of programmes for cancer control in all societies. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Time trends of obesity in pre-school children in China from 1989 to 1997

Cited by 123 publications

References 34 publications

Influence of social class on time trends in BMI distribution in 5-year-old French children from 1989 to 1999

Influence of social class on time trends in BMI distribution in 5-year-old French children from 1989 to 1999

Tracking of overweight from early childhood to adolescence in cohorts born 1988 and 1994: overweight in a high birth weight population

Trends in the incidence of cancer in Qidong, China, 1978–2002

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