Time Trends in Levels, Patterns, and Profiles for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in a Sediment Core from the Baltic Proper

Kjeller, Lars-Owe; Rappe, Christoffer

doi:10.1021/es00002a010

Cited by 146 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Another category of compounds of global concern is dioxins including co-PCB. Surveys on the status of their pollution has been carried out in sediment cores (Czuczwa and Hites, 1984;Kjeller and Rappe, 1995;Juttner et al, 1997;Vartiainen et al, 1997;Wu et al, 1997) and indicates that dioxin pollution is now in remediation in developed countries, although sediment cores from remote lakes in Germany and Finland showed increasing trends until recent years (Vartiainen et al, 1997). The abovementioned compounds can enter into the sea through coastal processes (riverine discharges and run-off homeland), perhaps to be stored in sediments at the seabed or diluted and dispersed across the continental shelf and beyond to the global ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of trace organic contaminants in Bohai Bay and its adjacent Nanpaiwu River, North China

Hu¹,

Wan²,

Shao

et al. 2005

Marine Chemistry

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Concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (penta-CB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (coPCBs), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis( p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDTs, including p,pV -DDT; o,pV -DDT; p,pV -DDD; o,pV -DDD; p,pV -DDE; o,pV -DDE; p,pV -DDMU), nonylphenol (NP), and nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) were measured in sedimentary cores from Bohai Bay (one core) and its adjacent river, the Nanpaiwu River (two cores), North China. While a-, h-, and g-HCHs were detected in similar abundance in the two cores from the Nanpaiwu River, only a-HCH was detected in the Bohai Bay core, suggesting that a-HCH might be more resistant to degradation than h-or g-HCHs. The concentrations of HCHs and HCB in the core from Bohai Bay were in the range of 0.8-140 and 9.1-1300 ng/g dry wt, respectively, whereas in the cores from the Nanpaiwu River, the maximum concentrations of HCHs and HCB reached 84,200 and 141,400 ng/g dry wt, respectively. There was a similarity of sedimentary profiles between HCHs and HCB in the three cores. The concentration of PCDDs/DFs in Bohai Bay was 0.5-3.5 ng/g dry wt [1.6-6.4 toxic equivalents (TEQ) world health organization (WHO) pg/g], far lower than the concentrations in the core samples taken from the Nanpaiwu River (the maximum concentration: 9200 ng/g dry wt; 22,000 TEQ WHO pg/g). The congener profiles of PCDD/DFs and co-PCB in the cores were similar to those in PCP, and the concentration of co-PCBs was related to that of PCDDs/DFs. In addition, the concentrations of HCH, HCB, PCDD/Fs, and co-PCB all decreased linearly relative to total organic carbon content (TOC) in surface sediment from the river to Bohai Bay. The concentration of DDTs ranged from 1.6 to 12.3 ng/g dry wt in Bohai Bay, significantly different from the profiles from the Napaiwu River (29.3 ng/g dry wt). An abundance of the compounds o,pV -DDE and o,pV -DDD were detected in the cores. The sedimentary profiles of NP and NPEOs were similar, and two peak concentrations of NP/NPEOs were found at the subsurface and subbottom in the core from Bohai Bay, respectively. The concentration of NP and NPEOs in the cores from the Nanpaiwu

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of trace organic contaminants in Bohai Bay and its adjacent Nanpaiwu River, North China

Hu¹,

Wan²,

Shao

et al. 2005

Marine Chemistry

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“…Homologue patterns may help to identify sources in many cases (Zitko, 1992;Alcock et al, 1998;Kjeller and Rappe, 1995;Weiss et al, 1994), but the present results show that, that can be affected by the physico-chemical properties, the environmental processes and historical input of pollution.…”

Section: Trends In Homologue Patternmentioning

confidence: 59%

Mobility and Profiles of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sediment of Ya-Er Lake, China

Schramm

et al. 2001

Water Research

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“…Volatilization that occurs during the application of pesticides is unlikely to be a major factor regarding the total amount of dioxins eliminated from the terrestrial environment (13.3 t), and the inflow into Sendai Bay (241 kg) is extremely small compared with the total loss of 13.3 t. Therefore, most dioxins must be lost through degradation, even though the half-lives of dioxins, which are known to vary depending on the environment, range from a few hundred days to hundreds of years 2,10,14 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Balance of Dioxins Derived from Pesticides in Sendai Bay, Japan

Okumura

Kakehi

Yamashita

2013

JARQ

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IntroductionDioxins, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) are highly hydrophobic and persistent organic pollutants. The sources of these chemicals include fly ash and exhaust gas from incinerators, industrial wastewater from pulp mills, and impurities in chlorinated pesticides. Once released into the environment, these pollutants enter aquatic environments via the hydrologic cycle.In Miyagi Prefecture -the so-called granary of Japan that borders Sendai Bay -large amounts of chloronitrophen (CNP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were used in the past 8 . As Sendai Bay (located off the Pacific coast of northern Honshu) is the site of both wild fishery and aquaculture activities, there are growing concerns over the possible pollution of the bay's waters by dioxins derived from pesticides, and the uptake of such dioxins by marine organisms. Catch data on fish, shellfish, and seaweed in Sendai Bay have been published 5 , and previous studies investigated the sources of dioxins in Sendai Bay, bioaccumulation thereof by flatfish, yearly changes in dioxin concentrations, and the rate of dioxin inflow into Sendai Bay from the terrestrial environment via runoff and river discharge [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . The results of these studies have shown that impurities contained in PCP and CNP (i.e. pesticides used in rice cultivation) are the main sources of dioxin pollution in Sendai Bay 22 . The two main dioxin congeners occurring as impurities in CNP are 1,3,6,3,6, and 1,3,7,9-TeCDD; the main congener that occurs as an impurity in PCP is octa-chlorodibenzop-dioxin (OCDD) 13,25 . It has been shown that CNP and PCP applied to paddy fields account for more than 90% of PCDDs and PCDFs found in river water in Miyagi Prefecture, while incinerator exhaust gases account for AbstractWe calculated the mass balance of major congeners of dioxins derived from chloronitrophen (CNP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) found in Sendai Bay, in order to characterize the present status of marine pollution caused by dioxins and enable the establishment of appropriate countermeasures against dioxin contamination. According to published statistics, about 58 000 t of CNP and about 22 000 t of PCP were shipped to Miyagi Prefecture over a 40-year period, and based on the these amounts of CNP and PCP, we estimated that 30.7 t of 1, 3,6,3,6,1,3,7, were introduced into the terrestrial environment as impurities contained in both pesticides. Mass balance analysis results show that most of these dioxins remained in the terrestrial environment and were not transported by runoff into Sendai Bay. Moreover, degradation mainly reduced the amount of dioxins in the terrestrial environment, instead of runoff or volatilization. Although large amounts of CNP and PCP were shipped to Miyagi Prefecture, only 0.8% of the total quantity of 1,3,6,8-TeCDD, 1,3,7,9-TeCDD, and OCDD contained in pesticides that were applied to paddy fields reached Sendai Bay via the discharge of...

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Time Trends in Levels, Patterns, and Profiles for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in a Sediment Core from the Baltic Proper

Cited by 146 publications

References 33 publications

Occurrence of trace organic contaminants in Bohai Bay and its adjacent Nanpaiwu River, North China

Occurrence of trace organic contaminants in Bohai Bay and its adjacent Nanpaiwu River, North China

Mobility and Profiles of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sediment of Ya-Er Lake, China

Mass Balance of Dioxins Derived from Pesticides in Sendai Bay, Japan

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