Time trends (1983–1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (<i>Osmerus mordax</i>) from lakes michigan, huron, and superior, USA

Chernyak, Sergei M.; Rice, Clifford P.; Quintal, Richard T.; Begnoche, Linda J.; Hickey, James P.; Vinyard, Bryan T.

doi:10.1897/04-390r.1

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As with our red-breasted merganser data, the rate of decline in organochlorines in lake trout has slowed down as residues decreased. Similar dramatic declines in organochlorines have been reported for rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Lake Michigan during the period 1983 to 1999 (Chernyak et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Further declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977–1978 versus 1990 versus 2002

Heinz

Stromborg

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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From 1977-1978 to 1990, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and most organochlorine pesticides declined in eggs of red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator) nesting on islands in northwestern Lake Michigan. Further declines took place between 1990 and 2002. Between 1977-1978 and 1990 total PCBs decreased 60% (from 21 to 8.5 microg/g, wet weight). An additional decline of 46% took place between 1990 and 2002 (8.5 to 4.6 microg/g). Between 1977-1978 and 1990 p,p (')-DDE decreased 66% (from 6.5 to 2.2 microg/g), and from 1990 to 2002 an additional decline of 36% took place (from 2.2 to 1.4 microg/g). Between 1977-1978 and 1990 dieldrin decreased only 16% (from 0.82 to 0.69 microg/g), but from 1990 to 2002 a 96% decrease occurred (from 0.69 to 0.03 microg/g).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Further declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977–1978 versus 1990 versus 2002

Heinz

Stromborg

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…This is critical given the numerous organochlorines present in the Great Lakes (Chernyak et al 2004), as well as the presence of MeHg. We measured several organochlorines typically correlated with PCBs (DDE, HCB, mirex) in this study, and none predicted lower IQ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Prenatal PCB Exposure and Intelligence (IQ) in 9-Year-Old Children

Stewart

Lonky

Reihman

et al. 2008

Environ Health Perspect

187

111

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BackgroundSeveral epidemiologic studies have demonstrated relationships between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and modest cognitive impairments in infancy and early childhood. However, few studies have followed cohorts of exposed children long enough to examine the possible impact of prenatal PCB exposure on psychometric intelligence in later childhood. Of the few studies that have done so, one in the Great Lakes region of the United States reported impaired IQ in children prenatally exposed to PCBs, whereas another found no association.ObjectivesThis study was designed to determine whether environmental exposure to PCBs predicts lower IQ in school-age children in the Great Lakes region of the northeastern United States.MethodsWe measured prenatal exposure to PCBs and IQ at 9 years of age in 156 subjects from Oswego, New York. We also measured > 50 potential predictors of intelligence in children, including repeated measures of the home environment [Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)], socioeconomic status (SES), parental IQ, alcohol/cigarette use, neonatal risk factors, and nutrition.ResultsFor each 1-ng/g (wet weight) increase in PCBs in placental tissue, Full Scale IQ dropped by three points (p = 0.02), and Verbal IQ dropped by four points (p = 0.003). The median PCB level was 1.50 ng/g, with a lower quartile of 1.00 ng/g and an upper quartile of 2.06 ng/g. Moreover, this association was significant after controlling for many potential confounders, including prenatal exposure to methylmercury, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, and lead.ConclusionsThese results, in combination with similar results obtained from a similar study in the Great Lakes conducted 10 years earlier, indicate that prenatal PCB exposure in the Great Lakes region is associated with lower IQ in children.

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“…Quantitation of 82 PCB congeners or congener groups was accomplished using a GC/MS (Model 6890/5973, Agilent Industries, Palo Alto, CA, USA), fused silica DB-5 column (30 m length, 0.25 mm id, film thickness 0.25 μm, J&W Scientific, Folsom CA, USA), selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, negative chemical ionization mode, and methane as the reagent gas (Chernyak et al, 2005). Method detection limits (MDLs) determined using low concentration spiked samples (Keith, 1991) were estimated to range from 0.03 to 6 pg m −3 , depending on the congener, sample volume, degree of chlorination, and other factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCBs in air, soil and milk in industrialized and urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Batterman

Chernyak

Gouden

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

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Information regarding polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental media in Africa is limited. This paper presents results of a monitoring program conducted in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa designed to characterize levels, trends and sources of airborne PCBs. Particulate and vapor samples were sampled over the 2004–2005 period at three sites. The total PCB concentration averaged 128 ± 47 pg m−3, and levels were highest in winter. Tri- through hexa-congeners predominated, and the vapor fraction was predominant. Several tetra- through hexa-chlorinated congeners had levels comparable to those at urban sites in the northern hemisphere, but hepta- through deca-congeners resembled levels at background sites. PCB source areas, deduced using spatial and temporal patterns, compositional information and trajectory analyses, likely included local, regional and global sources. Soils at three rural sites showed high PCB concentrations, and milk from a local dairy showed PCB concentrations comparable to USA levels in year 2000.

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Time trends (1983–1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from lakes michigan, huron, and superior, USA

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Further declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977–1978 versus 1990 versus 2002

Further declines in organochlorines in eggs of red-breasted mergansers from Lake Michigan, 1977–1978 versus 1990 versus 2002

The Relationship between Prenatal PCB Exposure and Intelligence (IQ) in 9-Year-Old Children

PCBs in air, soil and milk in industrialized and urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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