Time Transfer by Laser Link – The T2l2 Experiment on Jason-2 and Further Experiments

Samain, E.; Weick, J.; Vrancken, Patrick; Para, Franck; Albanèse, D.; Paris, Jocelyn L.; Torre, Jean‐Marie; Zhao, Cheng; Guillemot, Philippe; Petitbon, I.

doi:10.1142/s0218271808012681

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Cesium clock provides the time and frequency standard. The synchronization procedure with the ground clock is the same as that of the T2L2 experiment [8]. Transmission and receiving of the laser pulse is asynchronous.…”

Section: Proposed Payload Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time epochs of transmitting and receiving of laser pulses in the ground stations and in the spacecraft is recorded by event timers using precision clocks. An event timer has been designed at OCA (Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur) in the framework of both time transfer by laser link (T2L2) project and the laser ranging activities [7,8]. At present, the prototype of the OCA timer is fully operational having a precision better than 3 ps, a linearity error of 1 ps rms and a time stability better than 0.01 ps over 1000 s with dead time less than 10 μs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I)—A class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015–2025

et al. 2009

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ASTROD I is a planned interplanetary space mission with multiple goals. The primary aims are: to test general relativity with an improvement in sensitivity of over three orders of magnitude, improving our understanding of gravity and aiding the development of a new quantum gravity theory; to measure key solar system parameters with increased accuracy, advancing solar physics and our knowledge of the solar system; and to measure the time rate of change of the gravitational constant with an order of magnitude improvement and the anomalous Pioneer acceleration, thereby probing dark matter and dark energy gravitationally. It is an international project, with major contributions from Europe and China and is envisaged as the first in a series of ASTROD missions. ASTROD I will consist of one spacecraft carrying a telescope, four lasers, two event timers and a clock. Two-way, twowavelength laser pulse ranging will be used between the spacecraft in a solar orbit and deep space laser stations on Earth, to achieve the ASTROD I goals. A second mission, ASTROD (ASTROD II) is envisaged as a three-spacecraft mission which would test General Relativity to 1 ppb, enable detection of solar g-modes, measure the solar Lense-Thirring effect to 10 ppm, and probe gravitational waves at frequencies below the LISA bandwidth. In the third phase (ASTROD III or Super-ASTROD), larger orbits could be implemented to map the outer solar system and to probe primordial gravitational-waves at frequencies below the ASTROD II bandwidth.

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Section: Proposed Payload Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I)—A class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015–2025

et al. 2009

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“…Several new techniques have emerged that should be able to to provide frequency transfer uncertainty in the low 10 −17 region and possibly below. One is based on a microwave link to a low Earth orbit payload with one uplink and two downlink signals (Seidel et al 2008) and another one (T2L2) on a two-way optical link to a low Earth orbit payload (Samain et al 2008). Both promise a frequency uncertainty below 1 × 10 −16 at 1-day averaging, if the clock of the space payload is stable enough.…”

Section: Jd 11 Atomic Time Scales Tai and Tt(bipm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic time scales TAI and TT(BIPM): present performances and prospects

Petit¹

2009

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. We review the stability and accuracy achieved by the reference atomic time scales TAI and TT(BIPM). We show that they presently are at the level of a few 10 −16 in relative value, based on the performance of primary standards, of the ensemble time scale and of the time transfer techniques. We consider how the 1 × 10 −16 value could be reached or superseded and which are the present limitations to attain this goal.

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“…The Time Transfer by Laser Link (T2L2) experiment is the follow-on mission to LASSO, and the T2L2 instrument was the one of experimental passengers on the Jason 2 mission, launched in June 2008 [3][4][5]. The T2L2 payload records the arrival time of laser pulses from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations at the scale of the on-board oscillator and provides these data for time synchronization through post-processing with laser ranging data of the stations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link Budget Analysis with Laser Energy for Time Transfer Using the Ajisai Satellite

et al. 2021

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Two-way Laser Time Transfer (TLTT) using the Ajisai satellite has been considered as a more accurate and stable time transfer technique than existing methods; TLTT requires the kHz laser pulses to decrease the systematic restrictions for TLTT realization. However, because of the low energy of the kHz laser pulses as well as the low cross section due to the small size of the Ajisai reflecting mirror, the link budget is an important issue to establish the TLTT link between two ground stations. In this study, the TLTT link budget is investigated to find the optimal laser pulse energy via analysis of geometric effects using 30 days of orbital data of the Ajisai satellite from 29 March 2021 within a ground network consisting of four stations located in three countries. The geometric configuration reduces the TLTT link budget by three orders of magnitude due to free space loss, atmospheric transmission, and effective cross section; then, the pulse energy is required to be much higher than laser ranging to the Ajisai satellite. It is shown from the simulation that a few tens of mJ level of pulse energy at the transmitting station is quite enough for TLTT realization.

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Time Transfer by Laser Link – The T2l2 Experiment on Jason-2 and Further Experiments

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I)—A class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015–2025

Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I)—A class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015–2025

Atomic time scales TAI and TT(BIPM): present performances and prospects

Link Budget Analysis with Laser Energy for Time Transfer Using the Ajisai Satellite

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